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PARASITOLOGY > FINALS - CESTODES > Flashcards

FINALS - CESTODES Flashcards

1
Q

adult form description of cestodes

A

Flat, ribbon-like, segmented

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2
Q

cestodes are also known as

A

tape worm

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3
Q

self fertilizing means

A

Hermaphrodite

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4
Q

do Hermaphrodite has separate female and male reproductive organs

A

yes

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5
Q

can we differentiate and identify a male form of cestode and female cestode?

A

nope, both reproductive organs are in the single body

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6
Q

for tape worms, they lack sophisticated body structures such as circulatory system, digestive tract, no mouth, and no organ participation

true or false

A

true

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7
Q

in order to nourish and absorb nutrients, as well as to facilitate excretion, it is facilitated by the ___ - outer surface

A

tegument

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8
Q

the most anterior part of the tape worm

A

scolex

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9
Q

it represents the head

A

scolex

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10
Q

the connector or the one that will connect the scolex and the proglottids

A

neck

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11
Q

3 types of proglottid

A

immature - mature - gravid

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12
Q

where can we identify the male and female reproductive organs

A

in mature proglottid

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13
Q

the male and female reproductive organs of a mature form of proglottids is called as

A

stobila

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14
Q

after self fertilization, the proglottids will mature further to

A

gravid proglottid

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15
Q

the pregnant form of proglottid

A

gravid proglottid

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16
Q

what can we identify in a gravid form of proglottid?

A

eggs or ova

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17
Q

once the proglottid ruptured and the eggs will be released in what part of the body?

A

intestine/digestive tract

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18
Q

serves as a diagnostic form of the tapeworm

A

eggs/ova

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19
Q

typically, cestodes has ____ in their scolex which they use for attachment to the host

A

4 ventral suckers
rostellum and hooks

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20
Q

part of the adult form of tapeworm that is used for the attachment to the intestinal mucosa of the host

A

scolex

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21
Q

advantage of rostellum

A

increase virulence

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22
Q

known as a fake tapeworm

A

pseudophyllidian

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23
Q

among the 2 classification of cestode that has only few members

A

fake tapeworm - pseudophyllidian

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24
Q

the scolex of has pseudophyllidian has no ventral suckers but instead of __

A

sucking grooves

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25
Q

PROGLOTTIDS of pseudophyllidean is
_-

A

anapolytic which means it has uterine pores

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26
Q

the GRAVID PROGLOTTID of pseudophyllidean is ___

A

all reproductive organs are intact

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27
Q

EGG/ OVA of the pseudophyllidean is

A

ovoidal and OPERCULATED

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28
Q

the reproductive organ of pseudophillidean is intact in which on the cyclophyllidean that only organ we can observe is the ___

A

uterus

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29
Q

intermediate host needed for pseudophyllidean

A

only 2

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30
Q

Also known as true tapeworm

A

Cyclophyllidean

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31
Q

Most of the members of cestodes are
classified as ‘____.

A

Cyclophyllidean

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32
Q

life cycle of a Pseudophyllidean

A

egg
L1: coracidium larva
L2: procercoid larva
L3: plerocercoid larva
adult

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33
Q

life cycle of a cyclophyllidean

A

Egg
L1: oncosphere larva (further encyst in the muscle of IH
L2: cysticercus larva/cysticercoid
adult

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34
Q

SCOLEX of the cyclophyllidean

A

Quadrate shape; possess 4 cup like suckers

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35
Q

PROGLOTTID of the Cyclophyllidean

A

Apolytic (no uterine pore)

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36
Q

GRAVID PROGLOTTID of the cyclophyllidean

A

Only uterus

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37
Q

EGG/ OVA of the cyclophyllidean

A

Spherical in shape; NON OPERCULATED

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38
Q

NTERMEDIATE HOST of cyclophyllidean

A

only 1

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39
Q

Disease name for DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

A

Diphyllobothriasis

  • Fish tapeworm infection
  • Broad tapeworm infection
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40
Q

common name for DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

A

fish tapeworm or broad tapeworm

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41
Q

Site in host of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

A

small intestines

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42
Q

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM Belong in ___ group

A

Pseudophyllidean

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43
Q

Definitive host of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

A

human, dogs, cats

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44
Q

1st Intermediate host of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

A

crustaceans (Cyclops or
Diaptomus)

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45
Q

2nd Intermediate host of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

A

freshwater fish (carp,
salmon)

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46
Q

mode of infection of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

A

ingestion

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47
Q

portal of entry of DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

A

mouth

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48
Q

Sources of infection of Dyphyllobothrium latum

A

plerocercoid in freshwater fish

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49
Q

INFECTIVE STAGE of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

plerocercoid larvae
(pleurocercoid)

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50
Q

Lab Dx stage for DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

A

eggs in stool (only eggs, as proglottids
disintegrates)

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51
Q

shape of the DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

A

ovoidal

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52
Q

Definitive Host of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Human, dogs, cats

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53
Q

Infective Stage of diphyllobothrium latum

A

Pleurocercoid larva or plerocercoid larvae

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54
Q

can Diphyllobothriasis be a long-lasting infection (decades)?

A

yes pu

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55
Q

Most infections of diphyllobothrium latum is .

A

__asymptomatic

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56
Q

Manifestations may include __ of diphyllobothrium latum

A

abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss

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57
Q

what can be the cause of miming pernicious anemia of diphyllobothrium latum?

A

because of Vitamin B12 deficiency

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58
Q

what type of anemia can diphyllobothrium latum result into?

A

This may result in hyperchromic, megaloblastic anemia

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59
Q

Massive infections of diphyllobothrium latum may result in __

A

intestinal obstruction.

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60
Q

Diagnostic Findings of diphyllobothrium latum

A

DFS and kato katz

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61
Q

microscopic examination of stool and recovery of eggs

A

DIRECT FECAL SMEAR

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62
Q

Gravid proglottid is not usually recovered because it would ___

A

disintegrate

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63
Q

__ is the drug of choice for diphyllobotrium latum

A

Praziquantel

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64
Q

aside from praziquantel, can also be used to treat diphyllobothriasis.

A

Niclosamide

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65
Q

in diphyllobothrium latum, the criterion for the cure is the recovery of ___ in stools
after treatment.

A

scolex

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66
Q

Eggs shape of diphyllobotrium latum

A
  • Oval or ellipsoidal
  • Inconspicuous operculum
  • Abopercular knob at the opposite end
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67
Q

what is distinct in diphyllobothrium latum locating at the opposite end of operculm?

A

abopercular knob

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68
Q

diphyllobothrium latum

ventral suckers or sucking grooves?

A

2 sucking grooves located dorsally and ventrally, hence the term bothria

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69
Q

Centrally aligned and dark rosette uterus

A

diphyllobothrium latum

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70
Q

common name of sparganum mansoni

A

Extraintestinal tapeworm

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71
Q

sparganum mansoni’s disease association

A

Sparganosis

72
Q

portal of entry of sparganum mansoni

A

ingestion of 1st IH (cyclops)

73
Q

ingestion of sparganum mansoni

A

Skin, subcutaneous tissue,
muscle

74
Q

first intermediate host of sparganum mansoni

A

Cyclops

75
Q

2nd intermediate host of sparganum mansoni

A

Fresh water fish

76
Q

definitive host of sparganum mansoni

A

Frogs, snakes

77
Q

accidental host of sparganum mansoni

A

Man

78
Q

infective stage of sparganum mansoni

A

Procercoid larva for humans
Plerocercoid larva for natural
hosts (Frogs, snakes)

79
Q

diagnostic stage of sparganum mansoni

A

Plerocercoid larva

80
Q

clinical manifestation of sparganum mansoni

A
  • Localized inflammation
  • Cerebral/Ocular sparganosis – CNS and
    eyes
  • Nodule formation in vital organs
  • Toxemia
81
Q

diagnosis of sparganum mansoni

A
  • Muscle or tissue biopsy
  • X-ray, CT scan, MRI
82
Q

taenia saginata common name

A

Beef tapeworm

83
Q

taenia solium common name

A

pork tapeworm

84
Q

disease name for taenia saginata

A

Solitario disease
Taeniasis

85
Q

MOT for taenia saginata

A
  • Oral fecal route
  • Ingestion of raw meat from IH
86
Q

site of infection for taenia saginata

A

Duodenum

87
Q

intermediate host of taenia saginata

A

Cow, cattle or carabao

88
Q

definitive host of taenia saginata

A

Man

89
Q

infective stage of taenia saginata

A

Cysticercus bovis larva

90
Q

diagnostic stage of taenia saginata

A

Ova in stool, gravid segment

91
Q

clinical manifestation of taenia saginata

A
  • Patient exhibit voracious appetite
  • Vague abdominal pain
  • Peptic ulcer like symptoms
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • Intoxication
  • Anal pruritus
  • Obstruction of bile duct and pancreatic duct
92
Q

diagnosis for taenia saginata

A

Ova in stool
rapid slide test
scotch tape swab
injection of india ink tru genital pore

93
Q

taenia spp egg has what shape

A

rounded and Thick radially striated brown shell

94
Q

Inside the shell is an embryonated oncosphere of taenia spp has how many hooks

A

6 hooks (hexacanth embryo)

95
Q

how many suckers do taenia saginata has?

A

4 ventral suckers

96
Q

describe the proglottid of taenia saginnata

A
  • Longer than broad proglottid
  • Longer gravid proglottid segment with 15-30
    uterine branches
97
Q

how many uterine branches do taenia saginata has?

A

15-30 uterine branches

98
Q

describe the scolex of taenia saginata

A

Unarmed scolex: no hooks

99
Q

describe the proglottid of taenia solium

A

Shorter gravid proglottid segment with
7-15 uterine branches

100
Q

describe the scolex of taenia solium

A

Armed scolex: presence of 2 rows of
hooks in the rostellum

101
Q

Degree of infection and severity
depends on

A
  1. number of parasite
  2. immunity of the host
  3. duratio of infection
102
Q

Cysticercoid larva of taenia solium can cause ___

A

necrosis and fibrosis

103
Q

There could be ___ adult T. solium in
one patient

A

4-7

104
Q

Taeniasis diagnosis

A
  1. Ova in stool
  2. Gravid segment using Rapid
    Slide Test
105
Q

Cysticercosis diagnosis

A
  1. Radiological examination
  2. Muscle biopsy
  3. Serum and CSF ELISA
105
Q

Hymenolepis nana common name

A
  • Dwarf tapeworm
  • Smallest tapeworm of man
  • Intestinal tapeworm
105
Q

Hymenolepis nana disease association

A

Hymenolepiasis

106
Q

Indirect life cycle of Hymenolepis nana
what is the infective stage?

A

cysticercoid larva
involvement of intermediate host

107
Q

direct life cycle of Hymenolepis nana
what is the infective stage?

A

Infective stage is ova
no involvement of intermediate host

108
Q

Diagnostic stage of hyemenolepis nana

A

Ova in stool

109
Q

DOC for hyemenolepis nana

A

Praziquantel

110
Q

eggs of hyemenolepis nna

A
  • Embryonated
  • Thinner embryophore
  • Bipolar filaments
  • Bipolar thickenings
111
Q

describe the rostellum of hyemenolepis nana

A

Rostellum with single row of hooks

112
Q

This parasite is the only human tapeworm
which can complete its entire lifecycle in a
single host.

A

hyemenolepis nana

113
Q

Definitive Host of h.nana

A

Man, rats

114
Q

site in host/Habitat of H.nana

A

Upper ileum

115
Q

common name of hyemenolepis diminuta

A

Intestinal tapeworm

116
Q

disease association of H. diminuta

A
  • Hymenolepiasis
  • Rat tapeworm infection
117
Q

source of infection of H. diminuta

A

Cysts from insects

118
Q

MOT of H. diminuta

A

Mouth: ingestion of contaminated food and
water

119
Q

habitat of H. diminuta

A

Small intestines

120
Q

intermediate host of H.diminuta

A
  • Insects (rat & mouse flea, the flour moth
    and flour beetle)
  • IH is required
121
Q

definitive host of H. diminuta

A

Mice & rats

122
Q

In H.diminuta, it serves as a transport host

A

Humans and mouse serve as transport host

123
Q

infective stage of H. diminuta

A

Cysticercus larva

124
Q

iagnostic stage of H. diminuta

A

Eggs in stool

125
Q
  • Absence of bipolar filaments
  • Bipolar thickening
A

Hyemenolepis diminuta

126
Q
A
127
Q

a cestode of rodents
infrequently seen in
humans and frequently
found in rodents.

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

128
Q

___ is the most common cause of
all cestode infections, and is encountered
worldwide.

A

Hymenolepis nana

129
Q

Heavy infections with ___

A

H. nana
can cause weakness,
headaches, anorexia,
abdominal pain, and
diarrhea.

130
Q

Diagnostic findings for hyemenolepiasis

A

Microscopic examination
of stool

131
Q

DOC for hyemenolepis

A

Praziquantel

132
Q

Dipylidium caninum’s common name

A
  • Double-pored tapeworm
  • Intestinal tapeworm
133
Q

dipylidium caninum infection

A
  • Dipylidiasis
  • Dog tapeworm infection
134
Q

source of infection of dipylidium cananim

A

Flea & louse

135
Q

habitat of dyplidium caninum

A

Small intestines

136
Q

intermediate host of dipylidium caninum

A

Larval flea

137
Q

intermediate host of dipylidium caninum

A

Dogs & cats

138
Q

accidental host of dipylidium caninum

A

Humans

139
Q

infective stage of D.caninum

A

Cysticercoid larva

140
Q

diagnostic stage for d.caninium

A

Eggs in stool or egg packets in stool, proglottids

141
Q

In d.caninum

Pets may exhibit behavior to relieve ____ (such as
scraping anal region across grass or carpeting)

A

anal pruritis

142
Q

The proglottids are motile when freshly passed and may be
mistaken for maggots or fly larvae.

A

D.caninum

143
Q

The most striking feature in animals and children consists of
the passage of proglottids.

These can be found in the
perianal region, in the feces, on diapers, and occasionally
on floor covering and furniture.

A

D.caninum

144
Q

Proglottids may be passed singly or in chains, and
occasionally may be seen dangling from the anus

A

D. caninum

145
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A
  • Extraintestinal tapeworm
  • Shortest of all tapeworms
  • Dog tapeworm
  • Hydatid worm
146
Q

Echinococcus granulosus disease associated

A
  • Echinococcosis
  • Hydatid disease
146
Q

intermdiate host of E.granulosus

A

Sheep, goat, cat

147
Q

habitat of E. granulosus

A

Small intestine of dogs

147
Q

def host of E. granulosus

A

Dogs

148
Q

accidental host of e.granulosus

A

Humans

148
Q

infective stage of e.granulosus

A

Hydatid cyst (for dogs)
Ova (for humans)

149
Q

diagnostic stage for e.granulosus

A

Hydatid cyst containing hydatid sand usually
found in lungs or liver

149
Q

clinical manifestation of echinococcus granulosus

A
  • Enlarged abdomen
  • Pressure on organ leads to organ
    malfunction
  • Osseous cyst if found in bound
  • Anaphylactic shock
150
Q

e. GRANULOSUS way of diagnosis

A
  1. Radiological examination
  2. Hydatid drill
  3. Exploratory puncture
  4. Casoni’s test – dermal skin test
  5. Serological tests (IHA, IFA, EIA)
150
Q

treatment for e.granulosus

A

Surgical removal of the cyst
Percutaneous aspiration, injection, re
aspiration (PAIR)

151
Q

Surgical removal of the cyst. Types of cysts:
____

A

Unilocular, Osseus, Alveolar

152
Q
A
153
Q
A
154
Q
A
155
Q
A
156
Q
A
157
Q
A
158
Q
A
159
Q
A
160
Q
A
160
Q
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161
Q
A
162
Q
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162
Q
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162
Q
A
162
Q
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163
Q
A
164
Q
A
165
Q
A
166
Q
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PARASITOLOGY (12 decks)

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