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PARASITOLOGY > Finals - trematodes > Flashcards

Finals - trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

flukes which Resides in a specific organ

A

Organ Dwelling Flukes

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2
Q

(reproduction would take place via
self-fertilization

A

Monoecious

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3
Q

reproduction type of organ dwelling flukes

A

Monoecious

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4
Q

shape of an adult form of organ dwelling flukes

A

Leaf-like or lancet-like; adult forms are non-segmented

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5
Q

diagnostic feature of organ dwelling flukes

A

Operculated eggs

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

intermediate host requirement for organ dwelling flukes

A

2 (snails serve as 1st IH; 2nd IH includes another snail,
aquatic vegetation/fruit, fresh water fish or crustacean)

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8
Q

MOT of organ dwelling flukes

A

Ingestion, oral fecal route

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9
Q

infective stage of organ dwelling flukes

A

Metacercaria

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10
Q

life cycle tru arrows of organ dwelling flukes

A

Egg
L1: miracidium
L2: sporocyst
L3: redia
L4: cercaria
L5: metacercaria
adult

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11
Q

list down the liver flukes

A
  1. Fasciola hepatica
  2. Fasciola gigantica
  3. Clonorchis sinensis
  4. Opistorchis felineus
  5. Opistorchis viverrini
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12
Q

list down the intestinal flukes

A
  1. Fasciolopsis buski
  2. Echinostoma ilocanum
  3. Heterophyes heterophyes
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13
Q

list down the pancreatic fluke

A

Eurytrema pancreaticum

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14
Q

list down the lung fluke

A

Paragonimus westermani

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15
Q

list down the blood flukes

A
  1. Schistosoma japonicum
  2. Schistosoma mansoni
  3. Schistosoma haematobium
  4. Schistosoma mekongi
  5. Schistosoma interculatum
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16
Q

type of fluke which Resides in blood vessels

A

Blood Flukes

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17
Q

(separate sexes; there would
male and female adult forms, thus copulation
serves as means for reproduction

A

Dioecious

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18
Q

Segmented body because of separate sexes

A

Blood Flukes

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19
Q

aside from operculated egg as a diagnostic feature of blood fluke, what can we seen as well on it?

A

; SPINE location seen in eggs

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20
Q

genus of blood flukes

A

Schistosoma

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21
Q

intermediate host of blood flukes

A

1 (snails serve as the only IH)

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22
Q

MOT of blood flukes

A

Skin penetration

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23
Q

infective stage of blood flukes

A

Cercaria (free-swimming form)

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24
Q

life cycle try arrow of blood flukes

A

Egg
L1: miracidium
L2: sporocyst
L3: cercaria
adult

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25
Q

___ refers to cercaria that
enters/penetrates the human host.

A

Schistosomulum

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26
Q

When it undergoes changes inside the body such as
losing its tail, it is now called __

A

Schistosomule

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27
Q

since they don’t have a mouth for eating anus for excretion

they Have an outer surface called __ for absorption and excretion

A

tegument

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28
Q

3 types of suckers

A

Oral suckers (used for feeding),
Ventral sucker (used for attachment),
Genital sucker

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29
Q

__ stages are found in man & animals

A

Adult

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30
Q

___ stages are found in the
intermediate host

A

Larval

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31
Q

Fasciola hepatica common name

A

Sheep liver fluke, temperate liver fluke

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32
Q

Fasciola hepatica disease

A

Fascioliasis

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33
Q

MOT of fasciola hepatica

A

Ingestion

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34
Q

first intermediate host of F.hepatica

A

Lymnea spp. (Lymnea philippinensis, Lymnea
Auricularia rubiginosa)

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35
Q

2nd IH of hepatica

A

Ipomea obscura, Nasturtium officinale (Water cress, counterpart in PH: kangkong)

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36
Q

def host of hepatica

A

Sheep, cattle

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37
Q

what type of host is human for hepatica

A

accidental

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38
Q

habitat of hepatica

A

Liver and bile ducts after passing the liver

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39
Q

infective stage of hepatica

A

Metacercaria

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40
Q

diagnostic stage for hepatica

A

Operculated ova

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41
Q

describe the egg for hepatica

A
  • Ovoidal
  • Operculated – diagnostic feature
  • Contains undeveloped miracidium
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42
Q

adult form of hepatica

A
  • Presence of cephalic cone
  • Presence of broad shoulders
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43
Q

Acute stage
clinical manifestation of hepatica

A

affects intestinal wall
* Symptoms: necrotic lesions, hepatomegaly, fever with eosinophilia

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44
Q

Chronic stage
clinical manifestation of hepatica

A

Symptoms: severe jaundice, obstruction and
abscess formation, can be ectopic

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45
Q

Cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

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46
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

– stones in gallbladder

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47
Q

clinical manifestation for untreated cases

A

Liver cirrhosis

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48
Q

diagnosis of hepatica

A
  1. Stool examination
  2. Concentration Technique
  3. Serological Test
  4. Radiological test
  5. PCR
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49
Q

Fasciola gigantica common name

A

Giant liver fluke,
tropical liver fluke

50
Q

Largest of all
liver flukes

A

Fasciola gigantica

51
Q
  • Presence of
    cephalic cone
  • Presence of
    shoulders but
    less prominent
A

fasciola hepatica

52
Q

Clonorchis sinensis common name

A

Chinese liver fluke, oriental liver fluke

53
Q

disease for clonorchis sinensis

A

Clonorchiasis

54
Q

source of infection for sinensis

A

Ingestion of 2nd IH

55
Q

1st IH of sinensis

A

Bulimus fuchsiana, Alocinma sp., Parafossarulus sp

56
Q

2nd IH of sinensis

A

Ctenopharyngodon idaellus, Cobitidae fishes

57
Q

habitat of sinensis

A

Liver, bile ducts and gallbladder

58
Q

infective stage of sinensis

A

Metacercaria

59
Q

diagnostic stage for sinensis

A

Mature ova

60
Q

for clonochis sinensis. There will be a Thickened areas called __ at the sides of the operculum. Some books call this as shoulders.

A

opercular rings

61
Q

for sinensis

opposite the operculum, similar with
D. latum

A

Abopercular knob

62
Q

the egg of sinensis has what type of larva

A

Contains developed miracidium

63
Q
  • Lacks cephalic cone
  • Lacks shoulders
  • One or both ends have narrow, tapered ends
  • Broad midpart of the body
  • Appearance of branched testes
A

clonorchis sinensis

64
Q

cancer of gallbladder

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

65
Q

diagnosis for sinensis

A
  1. Stool examination
  2. String test/Enterotest – source of specimen is duodenal
    contents
  3. Complement Fixation
  4. Intradermal Test
  5. ELISA – cheap, most practical and popular
66
Q

Fasciolopsis buski common name

A

Large or giant intestinal fluke

67
Q

MOT of fasciolopsis buski

A

Ingestion

68
Q

1st IH of buski

A

Snail (Segmentina/Hippeutis)

69
Q

2nd host of fasciolopsis buski

A

Water chestnuts & lotus (Trapa bicornis,
Eliocharis tuberosa, Ipomea obscura)

70
Q

def host of buski

A

Pig & humans

71
Q

habitat of buski

A

Intestine (Duodenum & Jejunum)

72
Q

infective stage of buski

A

Metacercariae

73
Q

diagnostic stage of buski

A

Eggs in stool

74
Q

eggs of buski

A
  • Embryonation of eggs takes 1-2 weeks
  • Ellipsoidal with a thin shell
  • Usually small, indistinct operculum
  • Identical to F. hepatica and F. gigantica
75
Q

buski’s adult form

A
  • Lacks cephalic cone and shoulders
  • Broad body all throughout
76
Q

clinical manifestation of buski

A
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • Intoxication
  • Vitamin B12 malabsorption
77
Q

symptoms of buski

A
  • Colic
  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Edema
78
Q

Paragonimus westermani common name

A

Oriental Lung Fluke

79
Q

MOT of westermani

A

Ingestion through mouth. Consumption of raw or undercooked infected freshwater crustaceans

80
Q

1st IH of westermanni

A

Freshwater snail (Antemelania aspirate, Antemalania ductylus)

81
Q

2nd IH of westermanni

A

Freshwater crab (Parathelphusa philippina) or crayfish (Cambarus, Astacus)

82
Q

def host of westermanni

A

Humans & a variety of carnivores

83
Q

habitat of westermanni

A

Lungs

84
Q

infective stage of westermani

A

Metacercariae

85
Q

diagnostic stage for westermani

A

Eggs in sputum & stool

86
Q

describe the egg of westermani

A
  • Operculated
  • With opercular rings
  • No abopercular knob
  • Terminal shell thickening found at the opposite of the operculum
87
Q

the opposite side of the operculum for westermani has

A

thickening shell

88
Q

Spiny, thorny cuticle surrounding the outer part (diagnostic form)

A

westermani

89
Q

westermani’s clinical manifestations

A
  • Lung abscess
  • Abscess in ectopic sites (Subcutaneous creeping Eruption)
  • Toxemia
  • Jacksonian epilepsy
  • Extrapulmonary fluke because it can infect
    their organs such as the brain
  • May mimic Pulmonary Tuberculosis
90
Q

coughing up blood

A

Hemoptysis

91
Q

color of the sputum for patients infected by westermani

A

rusty brown or blood tinge

92
Q

diagnosis for westermani

A
  1. Stool examination
  2. Concentration exam
  3. Sputum analysis: 3% NaOH + Sputum → Centrifuge (vortex machine) → Examine sediment
  4. Chest x-ray
  5. Serological test
93
Q

associated with Schistosoma species;
this refers to hypersensitivity reaction with the schistosomule that migrates
via the bloodstream

A

Katayama fever

94
Q

Schistosoma japonicum disease name

A

Schistosomiasis, Katayama fever, Yangtze Valley River fever, Hankaw fever

95
Q

schistosoma japonicum blood fluke

A

Oriental blood fluke

96
Q

MOT of schistosoma

A

Skin penetration

97
Q

Ih of japonicum

A

Snail (Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi – Oncomelania is endemic in the PH)

98
Q

def host of japonicum

A

Humans, dogs, cats, horses, pigs, cattle, deer & rodents

99
Q

habitat of japonicum

A

Veins of small intestine

100
Q

infective stage of japonicum

A

Cercariae

101
Q

diagnostic stage of japonicum

A

Eggs in stool; liver biopsy

102
Q

eggs of japnicum

A
  • Lateral, small, rounded spine
  • More rounded or ovoidal in shape
  • Developed miracidium
103
Q

Dermatitis of japonicum

A

Cercarial itch, Swimmer’s itch, Gulf coast itch, Clam diggers itch

104
Q

clinical manifestation of japonicum

A
  1. Dermatitis
  2. Pneumonitis
  3. Weakness
  4. Trauma in the intestinal wall
  5. Hepatitis
  6. Eosinophilia
  7. Toxemia
  8. Adults in copula can lay eggs in ectopic site (results in tubercle
    formation)
  9. Ascites – accumulation of fluid in the body cavities
  10. Hepatosplenomegaly
105
Q

main clinical manifestation of japonicum

A

Hepatosplenomegaly

106
Q

diagnosis of japonicum

A
  1. Stool examination
  2. Kato-Katz
  3. COPT (Circum Oval Precipitin Test)
  4. Culture Technique (Faust and Meleney Egg Hatching Technique)
  5. Serological Test
    * Complement Fixation
    * Cercarial Agglutination
    * ELISA
    * IHAT
107
Q

Schistosoma mansoni common name

A

Manson’s blood fluke, smallest blood fluke

108
Q

disease for mansoni

A

Schistosomiasis, intestinal schistosomiasis,
bilharziasis “snail fever

109
Q

IH for mansoni

A

Snail (Biomphalaria sp. & Tropicorbis sp.)

110
Q

def host for mansoni

A

Humans, baboons & rodents

111
Q

habitats for mansoni

A

Veins of large intestine

112
Q

diagnostic stage for mansoni

A

Eggs in stool; rectal or liver biopsy

113
Q
  • Prominent lateral spine near the posterior
    end
  • Tapered and slightly curved anterior end
  • Developed miracidium
A

Schistosoma mansoni

114
Q

schistosoma adult form is Recovered in ___

A

copula

115
Q

Schistosoma haematobium disease

A

Urinary schistosomiasis, schistosomal
hematuria, urinary bilharziasis

116
Q

IH of haematobium

A

Snail (Bulinus, Physopsis, and
Biomphalaria sp.)

117
Q

def host of haematobium

A

Humans, monkeys & baboons

118
Q

habitat of haematobium

A

Veins of urinary bladder

119
Q

diagnostic stage for haematobium

A

Eggs in urine; cystoscopy

120
Q

egg of haematobium

A
  • Large
  • Prominent terminal spine at posterior
    end
121
Q

clinical manifestation of haematobium

A
  1. Lesions in urinary bladder (Hematuria)
  2. Burning sensation when urinating
  3. Develop Urogenital malignant tumor

PARASITOLOGY (12 decks)

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