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Western Civilization > Midterm Vocabulary > Flashcards

Midterm Vocabulary Flashcards

0
Q

The Muslim house of worship

A

Mosque

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1
Q

Five Pillars of Islam

A

Make a declaration of faith
Pray 5 times a day
Give charity (alms) to the poor
Fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan
Make a hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) if able

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2
Q

The spreading of the Islamic religion, sometimes forcefully

A

Jihad

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3
Q

A type of painting that was done on wet, moist plaster
In ancient Greece these were often found, especially in the palace at Knossos, and offer insight into culture and daily life

A

Frescoes

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4
Q

The art of skillful meaning and public speaking

A

Rhetoric

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5
Q

When people choose their representatives

A

Republic

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6
Q 
Members of the nobility/upper-class
Served in Rome's senate
A

Patricians

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7
Q 
The middle class of the early Roman republic, who made up most the population, and included farmers, merchants, and artisans
They had rights of citizenship but little influence
They did gain the right to elect their own officials, called tribunes, to protect their interests. The tribunes could veto laws
A

Plebeians

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8
Q

Bridge like stone structures that carried water from the hills to Roman cities

A

Aqueducts

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9
Q

In the Roman and Byzantine Empire, the highest church official in a major city

A

Patriarch

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10
Q

Greek foot soldier

A

Hoplite

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11
Q

Economy based entirely on trading- there is no money

A

Barter economy

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12
Q

A new method of fighting in Sparta which involved a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers with shared training that created a strong sense of unity among citizen-soldiers and reduced the class difference

A

Phalanx

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13
Q

One who uses very few words

Derived from a region located on the lower part of the Peloponnesus inland from the coast

A

Laconic

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14
Q

A society where the government has total control over every person and thing
The society of Sparta

A

Totalitarian (society)

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15
Q

Government by the people
Used in Athens
By people it meant adult male citizens

A

Democracy

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16
Q

Spartan slaves that farmed

A

Helots

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17
Q

Harsh punishment or very harsh laws

Named after a man named Draco

A

Draconian

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18
Q

A Greek version of city states, made up of a major city or town and it’s surrounding countryside
a city built on two levels
- The acropolis which stood on a hill
-flatter ground below where the main city was located

A

Polis

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19
Q

To be austere, frugal, or plain

A

Spartan

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20
Q

A way of organizing laws

A

Codify

21
Q

A word meaning three men ruling together
Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar formed the alliance
Crassus brought wealth
Pompey brought soldiers and prestige
Caesar brought influence over the common people

A

Triumvirate

22
Q

The day Caesar was murdered

A

The Ides of March

March 13, 44 BC

23
Q

A period of Roman Peace lasting 200 years, starting with the reign of a Augustus and ending with the reign of Marcus Aurelius
27-227 AD

A

Pax Romana

24
Q

A calendar created by Caesar that was based on the Egyptian’s calendar

A

Julian calendar

25
Q

Migrating nomads that came down from modern day Germany (mostly) and attacked Rome
Entered Roman territory and some even attacked Rome directly
Eventually took over the region
Had primitive societies

A

Germanic tribes

26
Q

A new set of laws that preserved ancient Roman laws put into place in the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Justinian
A sum of the revised, collected, and organized laws of ancient Rome

A

Justinian’s Code

27
Q

Stands for Holy Wisdom
A church rebuilt by Justinian
Incredible architecture using domes, arches, and vaults as well as other exemplary engineering
Later, Muslims added minarets to it and made it a mosque

A

Hagia Sophia

28
Q

Church law ; governed life with its own courts (medieval church)

A

Canon law

29
Q

Rules created by St. Benedict to regulate monastic life
Monks or nuns took three vows of obedience, poverty, and chastity
they divided their days and to worship, work, and study
they cleared the land and experimented crops; their work lead to better agricultural technology, which improved the farming economy of the Middle Ages

A

Benedictine Rule

30
Q

The sacred text of Islam

A

Quran

31
Q

Arabic legend that this woman created the stories of 1001 Arabian Nights to keep herself alive

A

Scheherazade

32
Q

One who attacks cherished beliefs or institutions

A destroyer of religious images

A

Iconoclast

33
Q

An estate granted to a vassal by a lord

A

Fief

34
Q

Lesser lord who pledged service and loyalty to the greater lord
Provided the greater lord with armies in return for fiefs

A

Vassal

35
Q

An economic system based on the manor (and mutual obligations)

A

Manorialism

36
Q

Peasants who lived on the manor and were bound to the land

A

Serf

37
Q

When the power is in the hands of many people and there’s not a direct one power

A

Decentralized

38
Q

A code of conduct in which knights were expected to be brave, loyal, and true to their word
They fought fairly
They never fought an unarmed man
There was never two against one
they never hit a man when he was down
they never hit below the belt
Chivalry provided a standard for knights to live up to

A

Chivalry

39
Q

Census taken in 1086 by William the Conqueror of England region
How to build an efficient tax system

A

Domesday Book

40
Q

Having to do with the church

A

Secular

41
Q

A legal system based on customs and court rulings based on precedent and previous rulings which apply to all of England
Created by Henry II
Was the early jury system and laid the foundation for the English legal system

A

Common law

42
Q

Decisions based on those that came before

A

Precedent

43
Q

A belief or teaching contrary to popular church doctrines

A

Heresy

44
Q

Romanesque vs Gothic architecture

A

Romanesque: solid stone churches, looked like fortresses with thick walls and towers, the roofs were barrel vaults and heavy, no windows, interior dark and gloomy
Gothic: flying buttresses, higher thinner walls, large Stainglass windows, graceful spires, tall windows, tall and elegant, gargoyles, vaulted ceilings

45
Q

Questioning or harsh investigation

A

Inquisition

46
Q

Vernacular literature

A

Vernacular – every day languages such as French, German, and Italian
Dante’s “Divine Comedy”
Chaucer’s “Canterbury Tales”

47
Q

Financial assets or the financial value of the assets

A

Capital

48
Q

The illegal action of lending money at unreasonably high rates of interest
Jews did this and were prosecuted for it during medieval revival

A

Usury

49
Q

Based on a random chance or whim, rather then any reason or system

A

Arbitrary

50
Q

Loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords
The whole system was based on land

A

Feudalism

51
Q

Languages based off of Latin

French Spanish Romanian Portuguese Italian

A

Romance languages

Western Civilization (18 decks)

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