Midterm: Important Battles/Wars/Revolutions

Question 0

Battle of marathon, 490 BC

Answer 0

Darius the first, leader of the Persians, send a force to Athens as punishment for Athens assisting the Greek city state of Ionia in Asia minor against the Persians
Athens outnumbered
Send out small force that had enough for ferocity to have the Persians retreating
Athenian leader (Themistocles)knew the victory only temporary
Urged Athenians to build warships and repair defenses

Question 1

Persian Wars

Answer 1

City states united
Persians had conquered the Greek city states of Ionia in Asia minor
Athens assisted
Battle of marathon 490 BC
I think he is built up warships of the pair defenses
The 300 Spartans force at the Thermopylae
Greek beat the Persians on land in Asia minor which marked the end of the Persian invasions

Question 2

Peloponnesian war

Answer 2

Athens versus Sparta
Athenians had upper hand on water, Spartans had the upper hand on the land (Tiger vs shark, elephant vs whale)
Greek resented Athens domination
Lasted 27 years
Athens had geographic disadvantages but a great sea fleet
Plague in Athens,
Spartans captured Athens and stripped Athens of its fleet and empire
Peloponnesian war ended Athenian domination

Question 3

Punic Wars

Answer 3

Rome versus Carthage
Three wars
First Punic -war rome defeats Carthage and won the islands of Sicily Corsicana and Sardinia
Second Punic war -General Hannibal used war elephants, was a great military leader, Rome outmaneuvered him and won, and gained all the Carthage lands outside of Africa
Third Punic war -Rome destroyed Carthage

Question 4

Carthage

Answer 4

City state on the northern coast of Africa which ruled an empire that stretched across North Africa and the Western Mediterranean including some of Spain
Fought Rome over Sicily, was originally in Carthage possession

Question 5

Battle of Cannae

Answer 5

Hannibal used a double flanking tactic, resulting in the complete destruction of the Roman army of 60,000 men
Encircled them

Question 6

Crusades- cause and effect

Answer 6

Began in 1096 with Christians versus Muslims over control of lands of the middle east
Pope encouraged European nobles to join
The pope wanted to increase his prestige, he hoped to heal the split in the Christian church through the common enemy, and he wanted to regain the land of the Middle East
Effect:
increased power of the monarchs
bitter legacy of religious hatred between Christians and Muslims
European economies expanded
growth of the money economy
trading increased
it brought Papel power to its greatest height before it declined

Question 7

Hundred Years War

Answer 7

Between England and France
The war was erupted over throne rights and control over the English channel as well as trade in that region
English won early victories because of the long bow
France rallied after Joan of arc join the fight
France won using the canon
Impacts:
Created national feeling in France and allow them to expand their power
Parliament grew bigger
Increased trade in population

Question 8

Agricultural revolution

Answer 8

The creation of the new plow made of metal instead of wood in the use of horses instead of mules

Question 9

Commercial revolution

Answer 9

Growth of money and banking economy