Midterm Review Flashcards
What are the 4 types of societies?
- Hunting and Gathering
- Horticultural
- Pastoral
- Agricultural
The worship of more than one god
Polytheistic
Necessitated the creation of centralized government
The need to organize workers for construction and maintenance of the canals
3 main reasons for slavery in ancient times
- Prisoners of war
- Voluntarily selling themselves (escape starvation or satisfy debt)
- Born a slave
Who creates the first recorded Empire in Western Civilization
Sargon the Great
The river produced _________ that enriched the soul and diluted harmful mineral salts
Silt
Compare and contrast Mesopotamian and Egyptian religions:
-Both polytheistic
-Sumerians believed in an unpredictable power of the gods (they behave like overgrown children); unleashing devastating floods and wars on humans for no rational reason.
-The sumerians even built the ziggurats to pacify the gods thus avoiding divine punishment.
-While the Egyptians see their gods as benevolent and helpful.
Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code
The 10 commandments
Greece’s most famous author, Homer, wrote the epic poems:
The Iliad and the Odyssey
The most important Oracle in Greece was the:
Oracle of Delphi
Helots
Slaves of the Spartan city state who were Greek in origin
31 Greek city-states formed a coalition called the ____________ to resist the Persian invasion
Hellenic League
AN ancient Greek teaching style:
Socratic Method
The new regime deter,ind to settle the internal strife (desire for revenge) that threatening to tear Athens apart issued first known ______ in Western history
Amnesty
Plato argues against democracy:
For Plato, Democracy allows uneducated, irrational and injudicious
Those who attain the highest level of knowledge
Philosopher Kings
3 Military reforms instituted by Philip of Macedonia
1.Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army
2.He nearly doubled the length of the spears traditionally used in Greek Phalanx
3.Used cavalry as a strike force to soften up the enemy
Alexanders tutor
Aristotle
A ruler who holds absolutely power:
Despots
The most famous and enduring governmental body of the ancient world
The senate
The highest value, that emphasized strength, loyalty, and courage (especially in war)
Virtue
A system based on a network of relationships characterized by mutual obligations
Patron-Client system
Who possessed the authority to veto any legislation
Tribunes
2 most significant Roman inventions
- The Roman Arch
2.Concrete
What were the 2 sources of Augustuss true power?
- Controlled the states treasury
- Loyalty of the army
Goal of the principate
Stability and order, not political reform
The cornerstone of Christian faith
Resurrection of Jesus
The biggest argument of the early church
Trinity
Eliminated his last rival in 324 to become the sole ruler of a unified empire
Constantine the Great
A declaration and summon of the Christian faith
The Nicene Creed
Constantine established his new capital in the city of Byzantium in 324
Constantinople
Eastern Empire; for 20 years Justinian attempts to reunite the empire
Justinian I
For 20 years, they attempt to reunite the Empire contributing to its eventual collapse
The Huns
Islam means
Submission to God
The holy scripture of Islam
Quran
2 divisions of Islam
Sunni and Shiites
The most powerful men is Merovingian society
The Catholic Bishops
What was Charles Martel called?
Charles the Hammer
Charles Martel’s military brilliance?
Was his ability to pick the times and place of his battles
His Coveted title in Western Europe
Defender of the Faith
Greatest King of the Middle Ages
Charlemagne
Significance of Battle of Tours
The decisive turning point on the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe
Where images of Christian figures were banned from art and architecture
Iconoclasm
Why will the Abbasids moved their capital from Damascus to Baghdad?
For its prosperous location near trade routes
Wealthy Muslims established and endowed schools for higher learning called
Madrasa
Just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages, what will throw them back into it?
The Viking Invasions
2 causes that lead to the emergence of Feudalism
1, Attacks and Invasions by Viking, Muslims, and Magyars
2. Collapse of the Carolingian Empire
The individual who receives the land from the landholders are called
A Vassal
Long distance trade routes were dominated by
The Italians
The most significant conflict between church and the state in Medieval europe
Investiture Conflict
This will become the rallying cry for the Crusaders throughout the Crusaders
God wills it
Legends of this orders secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries
The Knights Templar
List the 3 major significances of the Battle of Hastings
- England political shift from the Scandinavian words to Continental Europe
- The Domesday Book
- The birth of the Modern English Language
