Midterm Review

Question 1

What are the 4 types of societies?

Answer 1

1. Hunting and Gathering
2. Horticultural
3. Pastoral
4. Agricultural

Question 2

The worship of more than one god

Answer 2

Polytheistic

Question 3

Necessitated the creation of centralized government

Answer 3

The need to organize workers for construction and maintenance of the canals

Question 4

3 main reasons for slavery in ancient times

Answer 4

1. Prisoners of war
2. Voluntarily selling themselves (escape starvation or satisfy debt)
3. Born a slave

Question 5

Who creates the first recorded Empire in Western Civilization

Answer 5

Sargon the Great

Question 6

The river produced _________ that enriched the soul and diluted harmful mineral salts

Answer 6

Silt

Question 7

Compare and contrast Mesopotamian and Egyptian religions:

Answer 7

-Both polytheistic
-Sumerians believed in an unpredictable power of the gods (they behave like overgrown children); unleashing devastating floods and wars on humans for no rational reason.
-The sumerians even built the ziggurats to pacify the gods thus avoiding divine punishment.
-While the Egyptians see their gods as benevolent and helpful.

Question 8

Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code

Answer 8

The 10 commandments

Question 9

Greece’s most famous author, Homer, wrote the epic poems:

Answer 9

The Iliad and the Odyssey

Question 10

The most important Oracle in Greece was the:

Answer 10

Oracle of Delphi

Question 11

Helots

Answer 11

Slaves of the Spartan city state who were Greek in origin

Question 12

31 Greek city-states formed a coalition called the ____________ to resist the Persian invasion

Answer 12

Hellenic League

Question 13

AN ancient Greek teaching style:

Answer 13

Socratic Method

Question 14

The new regime deter,ind to settle the internal strife (desire for revenge) that threatening to tear Athens apart issued first known ______ in Western history

Answer 14

Amnesty

Question 15

Plato argues against democracy:

Answer 15

For Plato, Democracy allows uneducated, irrational and injudicious

Question 16

Those who attain the highest level of knowledge

Answer 16

Philosopher Kings

Question 17

3 Military reforms instituted by Philip of Macedonia

Answer 17

1.Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army
2.He nearly doubled the length of the spears traditionally used in Greek Phalanx
3.Used cavalry as a strike force to soften up the enemy

Question 18

Alexanders tutor

Answer 18

Aristotle

Question 19

A ruler who holds absolutely power:

Answer 19

Despots

Question 20

The most famous and enduring governmental body of the ancient world

Answer 20

The senate

Question 21

The highest value, that emphasized strength, loyalty, and courage (especially in war)

Answer 21

Virtue

Question 22

A system based on a network of relationships characterized by mutual obligations

Answer 22

Patron-Client system

Question 23

Who possessed the authority to veto any legislation

Answer 23

Tribunes

Question 24

2 most significant Roman inventions

Answer 24

1. The Roman Arch
   2.Concrete

Question 25

What were the 2 sources of Augustuss true power?

Answer 25

1. Controlled the states treasury 2. Loyalty of the army

Question 26

Goal of the principate

Answer 26

Stability and order, not political reform

Question 27

The cornerstone of Christian faith

Answer 27

Resurrection of Jesus

Question 28

The biggest argument of the early church

Answer 28

Trinity

Question 29

Eliminated his last rival in 324 to become the sole ruler of a unified empire

Answer 29

Constantine the Great

Question 30

A declaration and summon of the Christian faith

Answer 30

The Nicene Creed

Question 31

Constantine established his new capital in the city of Byzantium in 324

Answer 31

Constantinople

Question 32

Eastern Empire; for 20 years Justinian attempts to reunite the empire

Answer 32

Justinian I

Question 33

For 20 years, they attempt to reunite the Empire contributing to its eventual collapse

Answer 33

The Huns

Question 34

Islam means

Answer 34

Submission to God

Question 35

The holy scripture of Islam

Answer 35

Quran

Question 36

2 divisions of Islam

Answer 36

Sunni and Shiites

Question 37

The most powerful men is Merovingian society

Answer 37

The Catholic Bishops

Question 38

What was Charles Martel called?

Answer 38

Charles the Hammer

Question 39

Charles Martel's military brilliance?

Answer 39

Was his ability to pick the times and place of his battles

Question 40

His Coveted title in Western Europe

Answer 40

Defender of the Faith

Question 41

Greatest King of the Middle Ages

Answer 41

Charlemagne

Question 42

Significance of Battle of Tours

Answer 42

The decisive turning point on the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe

Question 43

Where images of Christian figures were banned from art and architecture

Answer 43

Iconoclasm

Question 44

Why will the Abbasids moved their capital from Damascus to Baghdad?

Answer 44

For its prosperous location near trade routes

Question 45

Wealthy Muslims established and endowed schools for higher learning called

Answer 45

Madrasa

Question 46

Just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages, what will throw them back into it?

Answer 46

The Viking Invasions

Question 47

2 causes that lead to the emergence of Feudalism

Answer 47

1, Attacks and Invasions by Viking, Muslims, and Magyars 2. Collapse of the Carolingian Empire

Question 48

The individual who receives the land from the landholders are called

Answer 48

A Vassal

Question 49

Long distance trade routes were dominated by

Answer 49

The Italians

Question 50

The most significant conflict between church and the state in Medieval europe

Answer 50

Investiture Conflict

Question 51

This will become the rallying cry for the Crusaders throughout the Crusaders

Answer 51

God wills it

Question 52

Legends of this orders secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries

Answer 52

The Knights Templar

Question 53

List the 3 major significances of the Battle of Hastings

Answer 53

1. England political shift from the Scandinavian words to Continental Europe 2. The Domesday Book 3. The birth of the Modern English Language