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Western Civ (Gracie Watkins) > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Occupying at least 90% of human history

A

Hunting and Gathering

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2
Q

A belief all objects, whether animate or inanimate, such as animals, trees and rocks, possess an impersonal supernatural power

A

Animatism

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3
Q

Simple gathering, supplementary to hunting and gathering

A

Horticultural

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4
Q

The domestication of animals in semi-nomadic lifestyle

A

Pastoral

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5
Q

Societies whose economics are based on maintaining crops and farmland.

A

Agricultural

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6
Q

Coined Money

A

Specie

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7
Q

The belief in or worship of more than 1 God.

A

Polytheism

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8
Q

By around 3,000 B.C. Sumerians had established 12 independent “city-states” in southern mesopotamia in a region called the…

A

“Fertile Crescent”

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9
Q

Sumerian cities had a significantly recurring problem, that of the spread disease

A

As a result of contaminated water

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10
Q

Cities never developed…

A

A system of waste disposal

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11
Q

Devastating floods =

A

Sophisticated irrigation systems

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12
Q

Necessitated the creation of a centralized government.

A

The need to organize workers for construction and maintenance of the canals

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13
Q

Compare and contrast: Similarities

A

-Life centered around religion
-Both polytheistic (worship of more than 1 God)

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14
Q

Compare and contrast: Contrast

A

-Sumerians; unpredictable power of the gods (behave like overgrown children)
i.e. unleashing devastating floods and wars on humans for no rational reason

-Egyptians; see their gods as benevolent and helpful

-Sumerians; built the Ziggurats to pacify the gods thus avoiding diving punishment

-Egyptians; The pyramids were constructed as burial complexes at which Egyptians could worship Egypts gods-kings after they die

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15
Q

King supreme responsibility was to…

A

Ensure justice

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16
Q

Main structure in every city was the temple to the gods called

A

Ziggurats

17
Q

Metallurgy had advanced to the point of making constant raiding which could conclude with the virtual extermination of the losing side

A

Bronze age

18
Q

3 Main reasons for slavery

A

a. prisoners of war
b. voluntarily selling themselves (escape starvation or safety debts)
c. born a slave

19
Q

In 3,500 B.C. the Sumerians invented a form of writing called

A

Cuneiform

20
Q

Sumerians built the ziggurats…

A

to pacify the gods thus avoiding diving punishment

21
Q

Was Sumers greatest contribution to Western Civilization

A

Invention of written language

22
Q

Creates the first recorded Empire in Western Civilization

A

Sargon the great

23
Q

The Assyrians major impact on Western Civilization

A

The development of long distance trade

24
Q

The Babylonians major impact on Western Civilization

A

Established written laws known to the people

25
Q

Around 1600 B.C. the Canaanites invented

A

alphabet

26
Q

Its western and eastern borders are protected by the deserts

  • It was also a source of tremendous wealth with
A

Large deposits of metal ores

27
Q

The river produced _____________ that enriched the soil and diluted harmful mineral salts

A

Silt deposits

28
Q

A crucial crop - secured Egypts diplomatic relationships with other countries, and contributed economic stability

A

Wheat

29
Q

Around 3,000 the Egyptians developed their own form of writing called

A

Hieroglyphics

30
Q

Egyptian art clearly illustrates how the Egyptians valued…

A

Order and predictability

31
Q

Menes made his royal capital

A

Memphis

32
Q

Great pyramids were built…they were not built by slave labor but by?

A

Free Egyptian laborers

33
Q

The capital city of the middle kingdom

A

Thebes

34
Q

Second Intermediate Period, A succession of weak leaders, combined with a poor economy a Canaanite people began to seize control of the delta region, eventually coming to power in lower Egypt.

A

The Hyksos

35
Q

The Hyksos brought several items that significantly influenced the Egyptians in the New Kingdom period

A

-bronze making technologies
-humpback cattle
-composite bow
-horse drawn chariots

36
Q

Especially noted for abandoning traditional Egyptian polytheism

A

Akhenaten

37
Q

Regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom / Egyptian Empire

A

Rameses 2 (the great)

38
Q

Ancient worlds largest chariot battle

A

Battle of Kadesh

39
Q

The Ptolemy’s made their royal capital at…

A

Alexandria

Western Civ (Gracie Watkins) (6 decks)

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