Chapter 14 Flashcards
Discovery causes
- Economics —> Desire for an All Water Route to China and India for the valuable spice trade
- Driven by their desire to use potential gold and riches in future Crusaders against Islam
- Religious fervency, to spread Christianity to the non-believers
The Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
To avoid conflicts between Spain and Portugal, Pope Alexander VI helped negotiate a treaty dividing current and future discoveries
Mexica
Called Aztecs by the Europeans
In order to eliminate any ideas of retreat, Cortes…
Scuttled his ships
Cortes expedition served as the model for others; conquered the Inca
Francisco Pizarro
Discovered the Mississippi
Hernando de Soto
Francisco Coronado
Search of the 7 fabled cities of gold
Spanish gold and silver from the new world causes…
Inflation to soar
The Columbian Exchange
The movement of peoples, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals, and diseases between Europe, America, and Africa
Spaniards brought to the new world…
- Christianity
- Iron Technology
- Sailing Ships
- Firearms
- Wheeled Vehicles
- Horses
- Old World Viruses
For the Portuguese and Spanish both ___________________ more important than the pursuit of gold and glory
The spread of Roman Catholic Christianity
Johannes Gutenberg; printing press; moveable type; A key role in the development
The Renaissance, reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, and the scientific revolution
The mass production of ______________ enabled a wider circulation of ideas and thoughts
Inexpensive books
In 1517 Martin Luther
Nailed his Ninety-five Theses on church reform to the Wittenberg church doors
Luther has 2 major issues
Salvation and Indulgences
Significance was his influence on the emergence of the German Language; Wartburg Castle
Translated the Bible into German
One group that was extremely supportive and influential for Luther
Evangelicals
Predestination
God ordained “the Elect” (small group) to salvation or damnation even before the creation of the world
The Peasants War
Was Europe largest and most widespread popular uprising prior to the French revolution of 1789
Act of Supremacy
Created the Church of England and made Henry ans subsequent English monarchs the head of the new church
The Council of Trent; Results of the Council
- The Church was the ultimate authority on the Bible, anyone else was a heretic
- Salvation depended o both faith and good works, not just faith
- Banned the selling of indulgences
Father of Modern Political Science
Niccolo Machiavelli
Was one of the most influential royal houses of Europe
The House of Habsburg
1535 Francis I forges an alliance with the _______________________ against Charles V
Muslim Turks
royal revenues could not keep up with military expositions; The solutions:
- They devalued their coinage
- They borrowed
The Peace of Augsburg
- The most important, it established that ALL princes enjoyed the right to determined the religion of their lands and subjects
- Excluded Calvinists
