Chapter 2 Flashcards
Were brought back to build their massive temples, palaces and cities
Conquered people
Were among the most ruthless of the ancient middle east
Assyrian rulers
The largest empire of the ancient world to that point
Cyrus the great “King of Kings”
The Persians-Military strength and cultural toleration were the foundation for
Maintaining order in the empire
Governors duties included:
-Keeping order
-Enrolling toops
-Sending revenue to royal treasure
The world is an arena for an ongoing battle for control between divine forces of good and evil
Moral Dualism
Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code
The 10 Commandments
Throughout this period Jewish prophets preached their defeats were divine punishment for…
Neglecting the Sinai covenant and mistreating the poor
The creation of _____________ was the crucial development for the history not only of Judaism but also Christianity and Islam
Sacred text
The Mycenaean period become the historical setting of much ancient Greek
Literature and mythologies
The Greeks that emerged has lost their writing, eventually adopting the
Phoenician alphabet
Competitive individual excellence
Arete
Greece’s most famous author, Homer who wrote the epic poems
The Iliad and The Odyssey
The major theme uniting The Iliad and The Odyssey is
Do not under any circumstances incur the wrath of the gods
The Greeks called their land _________ and themselves ____________
Hellas and Hellenes
Greeks value…
Excellence
The Polis
an independent community of citizens inhabiting a city and the surrounding county-side
The Mediterranean climate and the steepness of the terrain limited
crops and how much of them could be grown
Population increases usually led to population exodus, as a result …
Greeks colonized throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea
Greeks value
self-sufficiency or individualism
The Greek Polis was unique in that it was based on the concept of…
citizenship for all its free males
Greeks value
Civic virtue
There were 3 types of government in the Greek city-states
-Tyrannies
-Oligarchies
-Democracies
Oligarchies
Most common form of government in Archaic Greece
Greeks honored the Gods through publicly funded religious activities called…
Cults
The most important Oracle in Greece was the
Oracle of Delphi
Sparta organized its society with laws directed at a single purpose
Military readiness
Primary loyalty was to the _______ not the biological family
Group
Discipline was harsh - this trained them for the most honorable occupation for Spartan men
An Obedient Solider
Helots
Slaves of the Spartan city-state who were Greek in origin
The Spartan Government was an Oligarchy, consisting of 3 components.
-2 Hereditary prestigious military leaders (called Kings), who served as both the states religious heads and generals of the army
-A council of 28 Elders over the age of 60 that makes laws
-5 annually elected magistrates or Ephors (overseers) who made policy and enforced law
Who became magistrates and judges and ran the judicial system bu rendering verdicts in disputes and criminal accusations
Archons
Cleisthenes
Father of Athenian Democracy
Whereby a vote from more than 6,000 of the citizens would exile a citizen for 10 years
Ostracism
The Myceseanes valued war over
religion
