Chapter 10 Flashcards
Medieval Fairs
Served as marketplaces
They tended to be located near sources of wealth and trade, such as…
Monasteries, castles, rivers and seas
Long distance trade routes (dominated by…)
The Italians
Guilds
Were trade organizations that set prices, regulated working conditions, and determined quality
Open became readily available to produce new improved…
iron plows, weapons, armor
Reasons for underlying church reforms:
- Commercial revolution made the church corrupt
- The appointment of religious leaders by secular rulers
Was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe
Investiture conflict
Concordat of Worms and its significance
Strengthen the pope’s position as head of the Western Church
The Great Schism of 1054
Occurred when a representative of the Roman Pope excommunicated the Patriaren of Constantinople, and the Patriarch excommunicated the Roman Pope in return
Simony
The sale of church offices
The immediate trigger
The growing power of the Seljuk Turks
This will become the rallying cry for the crusaders, throughout the crusades
“God wills it”
Is a way to reduce the amount of amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins
Indulgences
Popes motives
- The overwhelming number of mercenary armies and knights with no lords to serve
- Threatened to destabilize an already fragile political arrangement - To win Christian control of Jerusalem and the holy land
-strength the papacies military and political position
“The right of the road”
the freedoms to travel throughout Europe unmolested
Pogroms
State organized massacres, especially of Jews
Godfrey of Bouillon took the title
King of Jerusalem
Military-religious orders of the Crusaders; These military orders formed..
to protect the christian states in the holy land and Christian pilgrims to the holy land
Legends of its secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasure have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries
The Knights Templar
William of Normandy was crowned king of England in Westminster Abby
On Christmas Day 1066
Significance of the battle
- England political shift from the Scandinavian works to continental Europe
- The Domesday Book
- The Birth of the Modern English Language
