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OB 2 > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

A fetal brain with no recognizable cerebral cortex and defined thalami and cerebellum is:

A

Hydranencephaly

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2
Q

A large herniation of the posterior fossa contents into the foramen magnum with hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele describes which type of Arnold-Chiari malformation

A

III

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3
Q

A markedly retroflexed neck is an indication of:

A

Iniencephaly

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4
Q

A measurement of the lateral ventricular atrium should not exceed:

A

1 cm

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5
Q

A normal cisterna magna measurement is less than:

A

1 cm

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6
Q

A partial absence of the cranium is called:

A

Acrania

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7
Q

AFP is secreted by the

A

Yolk sac and liver

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8
Q

Beta hCG levels plateau at _____________ weeks

A

9-11

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9
Q

Cerebellar hypoplasia with herniation into the spinal canal describes:

A

Type 4 Arnold Chiari malformation

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10
Q

head end of the neural tube

A

Rostral neuropore

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11
Q

sonographic appearance of a cephalocele

A

Complex paracranial mass

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12
Q

Cranial anatomy is routinely visualized after how many gestatonal weeks?

A

12-14

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13
Q

Define brachycephaly

A

Short broad head due to premature fusion

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14
Q

Define dolichocephaly

A

Long narrow head

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15
Q

During a sonographic examination, a wide high third ventricle, teardrop-shaped ventricle, a widened ventricular atria, absent cavum septi pellucid, and a sunburst appearance of the gyri and suli were imaged in the fetal brain. What malformation do these findings support?

A

Agenesis of the corpus callosum

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16
Q

During the sonographic examination on a first trimester pregnancy, a crescent-shaped complex fluid collection images between the gestational sac and the uterus. What is the most likely differential

A

Subchorionic hemorrhage

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17
Q

Identify the term describing the abiltiy of embryonic cells to differentiate into any cell type

A

Pluripotent

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18
Q

Identify the type of ectopic pregnancy that is surrounded by less than 5 mm of myometrium.

A

Intramural

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19
Q

Lissencephaly is an absence or paucity of gyri resulting in the characteristic appearance of:

A

A smooth cerebral appearance after 20 weeks

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20
Q

Neural plate development completes at ________ days

A

18-23

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21
Q

the measurement fro the frontal to the occipital bone obtained at the level of the thalami

A

OFD

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22
Q

sonographic features of semilobar holoprosencephaly

A

Incomplete fusion of the thalami, microcephaly, partial separation of the hemispheres and ventricles

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23
Q

The metencephalon and myelencephalon are part of the:

A

Rhombencephalon

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24
Q

e most frequent anomaly noted with cleft palate or cleft lip is:

A

Clubfoot

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25
Q

most studied artery in the fetal brain is the

A

MCA

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26
Q

What is the ratio of the BPD and the OFD called?

A

Cephalic index

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27
Q

hat portion of the femur does the sonographer measure to obtain the length?

A

Osseous diaphyses

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28
Q

hat weight is considered macrosomia?

A

> 4000 g

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29
Q

ic anatomic landmarks help determine the correct level to measure the HC?

A

Thalamus, falx, cavum septum pellucidum

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30
Q

hich cranial bones are the landmark for measurement of the BPD?

A

Parietal bones

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31
Q

ich measurement is the most important indicator of fetal weight?

A

AC

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32
Q

most commonly associated with cystic hygroma

A

Turner syndrome

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33
Q

central nervous system malformations is identifiable in the first trimester?

A

Spina bifida

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34
Q

s cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle?

A

Dandy walker

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35
Q

sonographic feature of anencephaly?

A

Frog eyes

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36
Q

most commonly used parameters for estimating fetal age and may be more accurate than the BPD late in pregnancy?

A

FL

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37
Q

congenital absence of one or both eyes?

A

Anophthalmia

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38
Q

an abnormally fast heart rate

A

Tachycardia

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39
Q

protrusion of meniges through a spinal defect?

A

Meningocele

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40
Q

rostral end of the neural tube

A

Neuropore

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41
Q

eneral term describing an abnormal heart rate?

A

Arrhythmia

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42
Q

part of Ebstein anomaly?

A

Abnormal tricuspid valve

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43
Q

congenital malformation in which the aorta arises from the right ventricle?

A

DORV

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44
Q

abnormal opening between the right and left atrium

A

ASD

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45
Q

Which anatomy images on the four chamber view?

A

RA
RV
LA
LV
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve

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46
Q

What doppler flow changes occur with sever coarction of the aorta?

A

Reversed ductus arteriosus flow

47
Q

A fetal heart with a large RA, small RV, apically displaced TV, hydrops, arrhythmia and abnormal right ventricular contraction raises suspicion for which heart defect?

A

Epstein anomaly

48
Q

What heart defect has perimembranous ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, pulmonary artery hypoplasia, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta and right sided aorta in 25% of cases?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

49
Q

The embryonic heart is completely formed at the:

A

Beginning of the 8 week

50
Q

Fetal blood circulates within the embryo at:

A

3 weeks post conception

51
Q

Fetal oxygenated blood circulation from the placenta enters the fetus through the:

A

Umbilical vein to the hepatic circulation and left portal vein

52
Q

Fetal blood fro the IVC enters the heart:

A

Right atrium

53
Q

In the fetus, left atrial blood passes through the _______________ into the left ventricle

A

Mitral valve

54
Q

The greatest concentration of oxygenated fetal blood is to the fetal

A

Cranium

55
Q

A normal heart orientation is:

A

Levocardia

56
Q

n the normal fetal heart, which chamber is located closest to the fetal spine

A

Left atrium

57
Q

Fetal tachyarrhythmias are heart rates:

A

Greater than 180 bpm

58
Q

An abnormally large right atrium and abnormally small right ventricle is an indication of:

A

Ebsteins anomaly

59
Q

The most common cardiac tumor is:

A

Rhabdomyoma

60
Q

DORV involves:

A

parallel aorta and pulmonary artery and VSD

61
Q

The pulmonary valve reeives blood from the

A

Pulmonary artery

62
Q

Ultrasound resolution limits of ______________ mm still prevent the identification of small VSD’s

A

1-2

63
Q

A break in the skin surface directly over the spine is associated with:

A

Myelomeningocele

64
Q

Thoracic chest measurements (outer edge to outer edge) are obtained from a true transverse view at the level of the:

A

Fetal heart

65
Q

If the fetal heart (in transverse view) occupies more than 1/3 of the thorax, ______________ should be considered

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia

66
Q

Abdominal circumference is considered more important as an indicator of _______________________ than as a indicator of fetal age.

A

Weight

67
Q

Exclude ______________ of the scalp when measuring from the leading edge of theparietal bone for a BPD.

A

Skin/soft tissue

68
Q

Macrosomia equates to a fetus over ______________ g.

A

4000 g

69
Q

Ratio of the BPD to the OFD is_________________

A

Cephalic index

70
Q

The femur length can be reliably used after _________________weeks gestation

A

14

71
Q

The earliest successful BPD measuement can usually be obtained at week:

A

12

72
Q

The BPD is measured at the level of the ______________, _______________ and _________________.

A

Thalamus csp

73
Q

The preferred measurement method for fetal growth is

A

Average of multiple parameters

74
Q

A sonolucent area in the choroid plexus is known as __________________

A

Choroid plexus cyst

75
Q

Many brain structures develop between week _____________________, resulting in this time frame being identified as the critical period of brain development.

A

3 and 16

76
Q

The central portionof the cerebellum betwee the hemispheres is termed the ____________________________.

A

Vermis

77
Q

The forebrain is also known as the ______________________________.

A

Prosencephalon

78
Q

he great cerebral vein is also called____________

A

Vein of Galen

79
Q

he most sever form of arnold-chiari malformation is ________________________

A

Type III

80
Q

he presence of a single median bony orbit with a fleshy proboscis above it is ____________________________.

A

Cyclopia

81
Q

he third ventricle is positioned between the ________________________ and the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles.

A

Thalami

82
Q

is a substance that interferes with embryonic development.

A

Teratogen

83
Q

the most severe form of holoprosencephaly.

A

Alobar

84
Q

most common type of intracranial hemorrhage seen in the fetus.

A

Intraventricular hemorrhage

85
Q

bell shaped chest and multiple fetal fractures are indicative of

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

86
Q

break in the skin surface directly over the spine is associated with:

A

Myelomeningocele

87
Q

cystic hygroma is the result of:

A

Abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid within the soft tissue

88
Q

A large herniation of the posterior fossa contents into the foramen magnum with hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele describes which type of Arnold-Chiari malformation

A

Type II

89
Q

An absent sacrum and coccyx is referred to as:

A

Caudal regression syndrome

90
Q

An increased nuchal fold is most likely associated with:

A

Trisomy 21

91
Q

A group of anomalies characterized by a small or an absent left ventricle is:

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

92
Q

A coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of

A

Fetal hydrops

93
Q

A heart positioned in the right chest with the apex pointing right is labeled ________________________

A

Dextrocardia

94
Q

A midline heart is termed _______________________.

A

Mesocardia

95
Q

A structure in the right ventricle, the ____________________ , should differentiate the right ventricle from the left ventricle

A

Moderator band

96
Q

An EIF would most likely be associated with

A

Trisomy 21

97
Q

Blood returning from the IVC enters the:

A

Right atrium

98
Q

The ______________________ view of the heart is often used for the diagnosis of VSD

A

Subcostal four chamber view

99
Q

The blood returning from the lungs through the pulmonary veins enters into the:

A

Left atrium

100
Q

condition in which the heart is located outside the chest wall is termed:

A

Ectopic cordis

101
Q

The fetal heart should consume most of the left side of the chest and lays with a normal angle of _________________ degrees to ________________ of midline.

A

45, left

102
Q

The greatest concentration of fetal blood travels to the:

A

Cranium

103
Q

The mitral valve is located:

A

Between the left ventricle and the left atrium

104
Q

The moderator band is located within the:

A

Right Ventricle

105
Q

The tricuspid valve is located:

A

Between the right ventricle and the right atrium

106
Q

The normal heart will fill approximately _____________ of the fetal chest.

A

1/3

107
Q

he most common fetal cardiac tumor is the :

A

Rhabdomyoma

108
Q

The most common cause of cardiac malposition is

A

Diaphragmatic hernia

109
Q

When hypoplastic left heart syndrome is found in girls, what syndrome should be suspected?

A

Turners Syndrome

110
Q

the most common cardiac defect?

A

VSD

111
Q

A right sided heart with the apex pointing left is called_________________________

A

Dextroposition

112
Q

What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atriual septum?

A

Foramen ovale

113
Q

Which statement is true concerning the fetal outflow tract?

A

The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it

114
Q

hich of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels

A

The aorta arises from the right ventricles, and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle

OB 2 (17 decks)

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