Chapter 30: The Biophysical Profile Flashcards
Blood pH below 7 resulting from an increase in hydrogen concentrations because of impaired blood supply to the fetus
acidosis
Rough estimate of the fluid surrounding the fetus obtained through the measurement of four pockets of amniotic fluid, one from each of the abdominal quadrants
amniotic fluid index
amount of fluid within the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus; the AFI is an estimate of this amount
amniotic fluid volume
decrease in oxygen content of the blood accompanied by an increase in carbon dioxide
asphyxia
monitoring of fetal activity to include breathing movements, discrete movements, tone, and fluid surrounding the fetus accompanied by a nonstress test
Biophysical profile
technique of concurrently recording the fetal heartbeat and uterine contractions
cardiotocography
incorrect negative test result when the state being tested is present
false negative
positive result when the state being tested is absent
false positive
abnormally high level of circulating carbon dioxide
hypercapnia
reduced blood oxygen levels
hypoxemia
prenatal testing including only the NST and AFI
modified BPP
Recording of fetal heart rate accelerations (normal) or decelerations (abnormal) because of blood oxygen level changes resulting from uterine contractions
nonstress test
low fluid surrounding the fetus
oligiohydramnios
intravenous injection of oxytocin causing the uterus to contract; monitoring of fetal reaction to uterine contractions aims to determine how the fetus reacts to environmental stress
oxytocin challenge test
Measure of alkalinity or acidity of the blood; 7 is neutral, greater than 7 is alkaline, and less than 7 is acidic
pH
present of two or more fetal heart rate accelerations of at least 15 beats per minute lasting at least 15 seconds and associated with fetal movement in 40 minutes
Score 2 NST
No acceleration of less than 2 accelerations of the fetal heart rate in 40 minutes of observation
Score 0 NST
presence of at least one episode of sustained fetal breathing of at least 30 second duration within a 30 minute observation period
score 2 NST
absence of fetal breathing or the absence of an episode of breathing of at least 30 seconds duration during a 30 minute observation period
score 0 NST
three or more discrete body or limb movements in 30 minutes of observation
score 2 NST
two or less gross body movements in 30 minutes of observation
score 0 NST
one or more episodes of extension or a fetal extremity with return to flexion, or opening or closing of a hand
score 2 NST
extremities in position of extension or partial flexion; spine in position of extension; fetal movement not followed by return to flexion
score 0 NST
largest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid greater than 2 cm or AFI greater than or equal to 5
score 2 NST
largest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid less than 2 cm or AFI less than or equal to 4
score 0 NST
maximum score of NST
10
minimum score NST
0
slow and small shifting of the fetal contour, lasing from 0.5 to 2 seconds
just-discernable movements
quick, generalized movement always initiated in limbs and sometimes spreading to neck and trunk; flexion or extension of limbs usually of large amplitude, but can be small or just discernable; movements last about 1 second
startle
whole body movement without a distinctive pattern or sequence of body part movement
general movements
consists of a jerky contraction of diaphragm; abrupt displacement of diaphragm, thorax, and abdomen
hiccups
_______ consists of fluent, simultaneous movement of diaphragm (caudal direction) leads to movements of thorax (inward) and abdomen (outward)
inspiration
may be rapid or slow movements involving extension, flexion, external and internal rotation, or abduction and adduction of an extremity without movements in other body parts
isolated arm or leg movements
displacement of the head can be large or small, large movements may cause overextension of the fetal spine
isolated retroflexion of the head
head may turn from a midline position to one side and back, often associated with hand-face contact
isolated rotation of the head
carried out at a slow velocity; occurs independently or with hand-face contact, with observable sucking
isolated anteflexion of the head
rhythymic busts of regular jaw opening and closing at rate of about one per second may be followed by swallowing,
sucking and swallowing
hand slowly touches face and fingers frequently extend and flex
hand-face contact
carried out at a slow speed; consists of forceful extension of back, retroflexion of head, and external rotation and elevation of arms
stretch
Prolonged wide opening of jaws, followed by quick closure, often with retroflexion of head and sometimes elevation of arms
yawn
rotation occurs around sagittal or transverse axis; complex general movements change around transverse axis and include alternating leg movements. Leg movements with hip rotation or head followed by trunk around longitudinal axis
rotation of fetus
