Chapter 30: The Biophysical Profile

Question 1

Blood pH below 7 resulting from an increase in hydrogen concentrations because of impaired blood supply to the fetus

Answer 1

acidosis

Question 2

Rough estimate of the fluid surrounding the fetus obtained through the measurement of four pockets of amniotic fluid, one from each of the abdominal quadrants

Answer 2

amniotic fluid index

Question 3

amount of fluid within the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus; the AFI is an estimate of this amount

Answer 3

amniotic fluid volume

Question 4

decrease in oxygen content of the blood accompanied by an increase in carbon dioxide

Answer 4

asphyxia

Question 5

monitoring of fetal activity to include breathing movements, discrete movements, tone, and fluid surrounding the fetus accompanied by a nonstress test

Answer 5

Biophysical profile

Question 6

technique of concurrently recording the fetal heartbeat and uterine contractions

Answer 6

cardiotocography

Question 7

incorrect negative test result when the state being tested is present

Answer 7

false negative

Question 8

positive result when the state being tested is absent

Answer 8

false positive

Question 9

abnormally high level of circulating carbon dioxide

Answer 9

hypercapnia

Question 10

reduced blood oxygen levels

Answer 10

hypoxemia

Question 11

prenatal testing including only the NST and AFI

Answer 11

modified BPP

Question 12

Recording of fetal heart rate accelerations (normal) or decelerations (abnormal) because of blood oxygen level changes resulting from uterine contractions

Answer 12

nonstress test

Question 13

low fluid surrounding the fetus

Answer 13

oligiohydramnios

Question 14

intravenous injection of oxytocin causing the uterus to contract; monitoring of fetal reaction to uterine contractions aims to determine how the fetus reacts to environmental stress

Answer 14

oxytocin challenge test

Question 15

Measure of alkalinity or acidity of the blood; 7 is neutral, greater than 7 is alkaline, and less than 7 is acidic

Answer 15

pH

Question 16

present of two or more fetal heart rate accelerations of at least 15 beats per minute lasting at least 15 seconds and associated with fetal movement in 40 minutes

Answer 16

Score 2 NST

Question 17

No acceleration of less than 2 accelerations of the fetal heart rate in 40 minutes of observation

Answer 17

Score 0 NST

Question 18

presence of at least one episode of sustained fetal breathing of at least 30 second duration within a 30 minute observation period

Answer 18

score 2 NST

Question 19

absence of fetal breathing or the absence of an episode of breathing of at least 30 seconds duration during a 30 minute observation period

Answer 19

score 0 NST

Question 20

three or more discrete body or limb movements in 30 minutes of observation

Answer 20

score 2 NST

Question 21

two or less gross body movements in 30 minutes of observation

Answer 21

score 0 NST

Question 22

one or more episodes of extension or a fetal extremity with return to flexion, or opening or closing of a hand

Answer 22

score 2 NST

Question 23

extremities in position of extension or partial flexion; spine in position of extension; fetal movement not followed by return to flexion

Answer 23

score 0 NST

Question 24

largest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid greater than 2 cm or AFI greater than or equal to 5

Answer 24

score 2 NST

Question 25

largest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid less than 2 cm or AFI less than or equal to 4

Answer 25

score 0 NST

Question 26

maximum score of NST

Answer 26

10

Question 27

minimum score NST

Answer 27

0

Question 28

slow and small shifting of the fetal contour, lasing from 0.5 to 2 seconds

Answer 28

just-discernable movements

Question 29

quick, generalized movement always initiated in limbs and sometimes spreading to neck and trunk; flexion or extension of limbs usually of large amplitude, but can be small or just discernable; movements last about 1 second

Answer 29

startle

Question 30

whole body movement without a distinctive pattern or sequence of body part movement

Answer 30

general movements

Question 31

consists of a jerky contraction of diaphragm; abrupt displacement of diaphragm, thorax, and abdomen

Answer 31

hiccups

Question 32

_______ consists of fluent, simultaneous movement of diaphragm (caudal direction) leads to movements of thorax (inward) and abdomen (outward)

Answer 32

inspiration

Question 33

may be rapid or slow movements involving extension, flexion, external and internal rotation, or abduction and adduction of an extremity without movements in other body parts

Answer 33

isolated arm or leg movements

Question 34

displacement of the head can be large or small, large movements may cause overextension of the fetal spine

Answer 34

isolated retroflexion of the head

Question 35

head may turn from a midline position to one side and back, often associated with hand-face contact

Answer 35

isolated rotation of the head

Question 36

carried out at a slow velocity; occurs independently or with hand-face contact, with observable sucking

Answer 36

isolated anteflexion of the head

Question 37

rhythymic busts of regular jaw opening and closing at rate of about one per second may be followed by swallowing,

Answer 37

sucking and swallowing

Question 38

hand slowly touches face and fingers frequently extend and flex

Answer 38

hand-face contact

Question 39

carried out at a slow speed; consists of forceful extension of back, retroflexion of head, and external rotation and elevation of arms

Answer 39

stretch

Question 40

Prolonged wide opening of jaws, followed by quick closure, often with retroflexion of head and sometimes elevation of arms

Answer 40

yawn

Question 41

rotation occurs around sagittal or transverse axis; complex general movements change around transverse axis and include alternating leg movements. Leg movements with hip rotation or head followed by trunk around longitudinal axis

Answer 41

rotation of fetus