midterm path Flashcards
risk of rupture with partial or complete lumen occlusion by aggregated platelets/thrombus:
unstable plaque –> acute coronary syndrome
time of complete ischemia to cardiac death?
30 min
isolated/pure right-sided hypertensive heart disease:
cor pulmonale
***due to chronically increased pulmonary artery pressure
most common etiology of valvular disease in DEVELOPED countries:
calcified aortic stenosis
mitral valve prolapse
intrinsic myocardial disease NOT associated with ischemic, valvular, hypertensive, or congenital structural heart disease:
cardiomyopathy
- dilated, hypertrophic, or restrictive
ex: myocarditis, drug induced (etoh, chemo), hemochromatosis, amyloidosis
cardiac neoplasia in children with tuberous sclerosis
Rhabdomyoma
most common site of metastases to heart?
pericardium (vs mycardium…rare)
Life threatening (must not miss) ddx for CP in ER (6 of them):
MI PE aortic dissection/rupture tension PTX PNA esophageal rupture
Life threatening ddx for dyspnea/respiratory distress in ER: (9 of them)
- foreign body obstruction
- anaphylaxis
- bronchospasm (status asthmaticus)
- acute pulmonary edema (CHF vs ARDS)
- PE
- tension PTX/ large pleural effusion
- PNA
- shock-massive hemorrhage or acute hemolysis
- toxic metabolic effect on CNS resp control center
hypercarbia = pCO2 > ?
45 mmHg
alveolar hypoventilation usually result of obstructive pulm disease
One month mortality for acute MI:
30%
Commonest source of clinically significant valvular heart disease?
aortic, mitral (left sided)
Almost all cases of mitral stenosis from?
rheumatic fever
systolic click murmur syndrome = ?
mitral valve prolapse
mild cases are usually young women
Common pathogen in infectious endocarditis of prosthetic valves:
coagulase negative staph
epidermitis???
