CV development and defects wk2

Question 1

Heart develops from __________ mesoderm.

Answer 1

splanchnic

Question 2

5 components of the early developing heart tube:

Answer 2

1. truncus arteriosus
2. bulbus cordis
3. ventricle
4. atrium
5. sinus venosus

Question 3

__________ septum forms the foramen ovale, ___________ septum forms the valve associated with the FO.

Answer 3

Secondary

Primary

Question 4

Bulbar and truncal ridge tissues (from neural crest mesenchyme) give rise to?

Answer 4

aorticopulmonary septum

Question 5

Three parts of the interventricular septum:

Answer 5

1. muscular from myoblasts

2. membranous – endocardial cushions + aorticopulmonary septum

Question 6

Aortic sac contributes to?

Answer 6

aortic arch

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 7

Left 4th aortic arch –> ?

Answer 7

aortic arch

Question 8

Right 4th aortic arch –> ?

Answer 8

right subclavian artery

Question 9

Left 6th aortic arch (proximal)–> ?

Answer 9

proximal left pulmonary artery

Question 10

Left 6th aortic arch (distal) –> ?

Answer 10

ductus arteriosus –> ligamentum arteriosum (after birth)

Question 11

Right 6th aortic arch (proximal) –> ?

Answer 11

proximal right pulmonary artery

Question 12

Right 6th aortic arch (distal) –> ?

Answer 12

degenerates

Question 13

Umbilical vein –> ?

Answer 13

hepatic ligamentum teres (round ligament of the liver)

Question 14

Ductus venosum –> ?

Answer 14

ligamentum venosum

Question 15

Umbilical arteries (distal)–> ?

Answer 15

medial umbilical ligaments

Question 16

Umbilical arteries (proximal) –> ?

Answer 16

superior vesical arteries (supply urinary bladder)

Question 17

Left to right shunts - cyanosis several months to years after birth “blue kids”:

Answer 17

1. atrial septal defect
2. ventricular septal defect
3. Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 18

Right to left shunts, cyanosis early in postnatal life “blue babies”:

Answer 18

1. Tetralogy of Falllot
2. Transposition of the Great arteries
3. Truncus arteriosus

Question 19

Excessive resorption of the primary septum

or

incompetent foramen ovale due to hypoplastic growth of secondary septum

Answer 19

Atrial septal defect

Question 20

Most common congenital heart abnormality:

Answer 20

Ventricular septal defect

**90% involve membranous portion

Question 21

Associated with maternal rubella:

Answer 21

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 22

“Machinery-like” murmur…

Answer 22

patent ductus arteriosus

Question 23

4 defects in Tetralogy of Fallot:

Answer 23

1. Ventricular septal defect
2. pulmonary stenosis
3. overriding (large) aorta
4. right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 24

Malformation common in type 1 DM mother:

Answer 24

Transposition of the Great Arteries

Question 25

common aorticopulmonary outlet receives blood from both ventricles

due to failure of bulbar and truncal ridges to develop

Answer 25

Truncus arteriosus

Question 26

asymmetrical division or spiraling of the aorticopulmonary septum

Answer 26

aortic or pulmonary stenosis and atresia

Question 27

BP higher in upper extremities

Answer 27

postductal coartation of the aorta

Question 28

patent ductus arteriosus and cyanosis in LE

Answer 28

preductal coarctation of the aorta

Question 29

PDA
pulm stenosis
vent septal defect

Answer 29

maternal rubella

Question 30

deletion of 22q11
Tetralogy of Fallot
Truncus arteriosus

Answer 30

DiGeorge syndrome

Question 31

CV abnormalities associated with trisomy 21

Answer 31

atrial septal defect

ventricular septal defect

Question 32

15q21.1
5q23.31
FBN1 gene
fibrillin-1 glycoprotein abnormality

Aortic stenosis

Answer 32

Marfan syndrome