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CRRAB 1 > Final all Drugs > Flashcards

Final all Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a (PPAR-a) agonists

Upregulate apo A-I, A-II
Downregulate apo C-III

lowers LDL

increases HDL

A

Gemfibrozal

Fenofibrate

“fibrates”

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2
Q

HMGcoA reductase inhibitors

upregulate hepatocyte LDL receptors

decrease triglycerides

A

statins

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3
Q

Decreases catabolism of apo AI and reduces VLDL secretion

A

Niacin

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4
Q

Binds bile acids in gut –> excretion

Liver takes more cholesterol out of circulation to make more bile

lower LDL

A

Colestipol

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5
Q

Blocks sterol transporter NPC1L1 in intestine brush border

decreases cholesterol absorbed

lower LDL

A

Ezetimibe

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6
Q

irreversible COX I and II inhibitor. Stops the synthesis of thromboxane, which is responsible for platelet activation.

A

aspirin

***Baby ASA preferentially inhibits TXA production, leading to an overall vasodilatory effect (PGI2 is vasodilatory and is not inhibited at 81mg dose).

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7
Q

o MOA: activation of K+ channels and inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels

Used for converting SVT

A

Adenosine

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8
Q

 Inhibits Na+/K+/ATPase pump

reverses NCX pump –> increased intracellular Ca2+

increased contractility, SV, CO

decreased HR

A

Digoxin

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9
Q

selective peripheral vascular Ca2+ blockers

relax VSM

risk of reflex tachycardia

A

dihydropyridines

”—pine”

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10
Q

selective myocardial Ca2+ blocker

reduce mycordial O2 demand

Tx: angina, arrhythmias

A

Verapamil

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11
Q

blocks both VSM and myocardial Ca2+ channels

A

Diltiazem

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12
Q

Binds P.B.P. and blocks transpeptidation of

peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.

A

Ceftriaxone

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13
Q

Binds D-ala-D-alanine to prevent NAM/NAG-peptide subunits into peptidoglycan. BLOCKS TRANSGLYCOSYLATION

A

Vancomycin

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14
Q

Beta-Lactam: Binds P.B.P. and blocks transpeptidation of

peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.

A

Penicillin G

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15
Q

AMINO-Beta-Lactam: Binds P.B.P. and blocks transpeptidation of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.

A

Amoxicilin

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16
Q

Converts plasminogen to plasmin thus increasing breakdown of fibrin clots

A

t-PA

Alteplase

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17
Q

Acts on mu receptors in three locations

analgesic

A

Morphine

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18
Q

Forms free radical NO

A

Nitroglycerin

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19
Q

Blocks ADP receptors on platelets

inhibits platelet activation

A

Clopidogrel

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20
Q

increases Activity of antithrombin III

A

Heparin

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21
Q

Binds GPIIb/IIIa receptor on activated platelets

inhibits binding of fibrinogen

A

Eptifibitide

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22
Q

Suppresses RAAS system by inhibiting conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II.

A

lisinopril

enalapril

ACE inhibitors

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23
Q

Same mechanism as nitroglycerine – longer half life

A

isosorbide dinitrate

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24
Q

Increases NO synthesis in endothelium.

A

Hydralazine

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25
Q

Inhibits NKCC2

diuretic

A

Furosamide

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26
Q

Blocks aldosterone action.

Diuretic

A

Spirinolactone

Eplerenone

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27
Q

Alteplase

A

thrombolytic

plaminogen –> plasmin

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28
Q

NTG

A

vasodilator

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29
Q

Clopidogrel

A

anti-coagulant

blocks ADP receptors

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30
Q

heparin

A

anti-coagulant

activates anti-thrombin III

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31
Q

Eptifibitide

A

anti-coagulant

binds GIIb-IIIa

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32
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor

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33
Q

Enalapril

A

ACE inhibitor

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34
Q

-statins

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

decrease LDL

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35
Q

Metoprolol

A

selective B-1 blocker

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36
Q

Propanolol

A

non-selective Beta blocker

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37
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A

long acting nitro

vasodilation

38
Q

Hydralazine

A

increases NO

more effect on ARTERIOLES

39
Q

furosamide

A

diuretic

inhibits NKCC pump

40
Q

eplerenone

A

angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)

41
Q

spironolactone

A

ARB

42
Q

Digoxin

A

Na+/K+/ATPase pump inhibitor

increased intracellular Ca2+ –> inc. contractility

decreased HR

43
Q

cocaine

A

blocks NE reuptake

axoplasmic pump

44
Q

Imipramine

A

blocks NE reuptake

axoplasmic pump

45
Q

Reserpine

A

inhibits accumulation of catecholamines in vesicles

46
Q

Guanethidine

A

releases NE from vesicles –> degraded by MAO

47
Q

pargyline

A

MAO inhibitor

48
Q

tyramine

A

releases catecholamines

cheese, wine, beer

49
Q

dobutamine

A

selective B-1 agonist

positive inotrope

used in CHF/MI with HF

50
Q

dopamine

A

positive inotrope at B-1

vasodilation in renal and mesenteric vessels at low dose

a1 agonist at high dose

used in shock

51
Q

phenylephrine

A

a1 agonist

52
Q

metaproterenol

A

B-2 selective agonist

bronchodilation

53
Q

terbutaline

A

B-2 selective agonist

delays labor

54
Q

albuterol

A

selective B-2 agonist

bronchodilation

55
Q

ritodrine

A

selective B-2 agonist

delays labor

56
Q

salmeterol

A

selective B-2 agonist

bronchodilation

57
Q

isoproterenol

A

non-selective Beta agonist

vasodilates at B-2

tachycardia at B-1

58
Q

norepinephrine

A

vasoconstricts at a1

increased HR at B-1

59
Q

epinephrine

A

vasoconstricts at a1

bronchodilation at B-2

increased HR at B-1

60
Q

terazosin

A

a1 blocker

61
Q

amphetamine

A

releases NE from nerves

62
Q

ephedrine

A

releases NE

indirect activation of a1, B1

also vasodilates at B2 (direct effect)

63
Q

pseudoephedrine

A

similar to ephedrine

64
Q

guanadrel

A

releases NE from vesicles for degradation by MAO

65
Q

procaiamide

A

Class IA

slows upstroke of AP (Na+ blocker), prolongs ERP (non-specific K+ blockade)
can cause:

torsades

lupus

66
Q

quinidine

A

Class IA

has anti-muscarinic (anti-PNS) effects

can cause:

torsades

67
Q

disopyramide

A

Class IA

NO loading doses –> precipitates HF

68
Q

Lidocaine

A

Class IB

treats Vtach and Vfib after cardioversion

NO prophlaxis

69
Q

mexiletine

A

Class IB

oral version of lidocaine

chronic pain too

70
Q

Tocainide

A

Class IB

lidocaine analog

71
Q

flecainide

A

Class IC

slow unblocking kinetics (but does not prolong AP or QT)

72
Q

propafenone

A

Class IC

weak Beta blocker

73
Q

moricizine

A

Class IC

not sold in US so prob not on test

74
Q

propanolol

A

non-selective Beta blocker

don’t give if asthma (B2 block–> bronch spasm)

treats SVT w/o AV blocks (can exacerbate)

75
Q

Acebutolol

A

non-selective Beta blocker

treats HTN and SVTs

76
Q

esmolol

A

short acting, selective B-1 blocker

77
Q

sotalol

A

Beta blocker at low dose

K+ antiarrhythmic at high dose

78
Q

enoxaparin

A

low molecular weight heparin

79
Q

amiodarone

A

Class III (and I, II, IV)

treats Vtach, Vfib, Afib, Aflutter

PULM toxicity

LOOONG half life

iodine buildup

80
Q

dofetilide

A

Class III

very selective K+ blocker

Contraindicated in long QT, bradycardia, hypokalemia

81
Q

ibutilide

A

Class III

K+ blocker and slow inward Na+ ACTIVATOR

82
Q

dihydropyridines

A

Class IV

smooth muscle Ca2+ channel selective

**reflex tachycardia, don’t use in angina

83
Q

verapimil

A

Class IV

cardio selective Ca2+ blocker–preference for frequently firing tissue

treats angina and arrhythmia

reduces myocardial O2 demand

don’t use in WPW!!!

84
Q

Diltiazem

A

Class IV

BOTH cardiac depressant and vasodilatory

no reflex tachycardia

85
Q

adenosine

A

activates K+
inhibits Ca2+
hyperpolarization and suppression of Ca2+ dependent APs (SA and AV tissue)

used for SVTs

don’t use in 2 and 3 AV block

86
Q

nifedipine

A

Class IV dihydropyridine

vaso seletive Ca2+ blockage

used in angina

also HTN

87
Q

gemfibrozil

A

PPAR-a agonist

decreases VLDL secretion

88
Q

fenofibrate

A

PPAR-a agonist

decreases VLDL secretion

89
Q

niacin

A

Blocks adipocyte lipolysis.

Decreases catabolism of apo AI and reduces VLDL secretion.

90
Q

colestipol

A

binds bile acid

91
Q

ezetimibe

A

Blocks sterol transporter NPC1L1 in intestinal brush border

CRRAB 1 (17 decks)

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