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Myco Viro > Midterm exam Reviewer > Flashcards

Midterm exam Reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

Unicellular, reproduce by budding Forms a bacterial-like colony

A

Yeast

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2
Q

Multicellular
Woolly (Fuzzy) appearance in culture

A

Molds

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3
Q

Molds is made up of

A

Mycelium and hyphae

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4
Q

Intertwining structures
composed of hyphae

A

Mycelium

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5
Q

• Tubelike structures
• Fundamental units of fungi

A

Hyphae

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6
Q

Parts of Hyphae

A

Aerial (reproductive)
Vegetative (thallus)

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7
Q

• Above the surface
• Produce conidia / spores

A

Aerial (reproductive)

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8
Q

• Extends downward into the medium
• Absorbs water and nutrients

A

Vegetative (thallus)

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9
Q

Types of Hyphae

A

Septate
Sparsely septate

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10
Q

With frequent crosswalls

A

Septate

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11
Q

• Aseptate
• Few cross walls

A

Sparsely septate

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12
Q

Structures associated to hyphae

A

Conidiophore / Sporangiophore
Conidia / Sporangium
Phialide / Annellide
Vesicle / Columella

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13
Q

Stalks for conidia / sporangium

A

Conidiophore / Sporangiophore

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14
Q

Asexual structures that form at the hyphae or conidiophore / sporangiophore

A

Conidia / Sporangium

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15
Q

Secondary segments born from
conidio/sporangiophore

A

Phialide / Annellide

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16
Q

Enlarged or dome shaped structure at the tip of conidio / sporangiophore

A

Vesicle / Columella

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17
Q

Other hyphal forms

A

Spirals
Nodular bodies
Racquet
Pectinate body
Favic Chandelier

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18
Q

• Coiled hyphae
• E.g T. Mentagrophytes

A

Spirals

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19
Q

Knot of twisted hyphae
E.g
• M. canis
• T. mentagrophytes

A

Nodular bodies

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20
Q

Club shaped
E.g
• E. floccosum

A

Racquet

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21
Q

“Broken comb”
E.g
• M. audouinii

A

Pectinate body

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22
Q

Antler hyphae
E.g
• T. schoenleinii
• T. violaceum

A

Favic Chandelier

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23
Q

Non- or lightly pigmented

A

Hyaline (Moniliaceous)

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24
Q

Darkly pigmented (Melanin)

A

Dematiaceous

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25
Q

Ability to exist in two forms:
i. Yeast or Spherule phase at 37°C
ii. Mold phase at 25°C

A

Dimorphism (Dimorphic Fungi)

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26
Q

Have both yeast and mold forms in the same culture

A

Polymorphism (Polymorphic Fungi)

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27
Q

Growth temp of Yeast or Spherule phase

A

37°C

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28
Q

Growth phase of Mold phase

A

25°C

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29
Q

Reproduction:
Forms conidia from hyphae of 1 organism

A

Asexual

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30
Q

Reproduction:
Forms spores by merging of cell and nuclei

A

Sexual

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31
Q

Results in the formation of conidia

A

Asexual

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32
Q

Types of Conidia

A

Conidia
Macroconidia
Microconidia

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33
Q

Asexual spores that form on the
hyphae or conidiophore

A

Conidia

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34
Q

large and multicelled

A

Macroconidia

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35
Q

small and unicellular

A

Microconidia

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36
Q

Spores develop from vegetative mycelium

A

Blastoconidia (blastospores) Chlamydoconidia (chlamydospores) Arthroconidia (arthrospores)

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37
Q

Daughter cell that buds from mother cell, hyphae or pseudohyphae
Blastomyces, Histoplasma, Paracoccidioides, Sporothrix
C. albicans, G. candidum, T. beigelii C. neoformans

A

Blastoconidia (blastospores)

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38
Q

Formed from “rounding up” and enlargement of hyphal segments
• • •
Terminal (tip)
Sessile (sides)
Intercalary (within)
• P. brasiliensis, C. albicans

A

Chlamydoconidia (chlamydospores)

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39
Q

Fragmentation of the hyphae
into barrel- or rectangular- shape spores
• Coccidioides
• Geotrichum
• Trichosporon

A

Arthroconidia (arthrospores)

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40
Q

Spores contained in sacs (sporangium)

A

Sporangiospores

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41
Q

• Produced at tip of sporangiophore
• Glomerulomycetes (Zygomycetes)

A

Sporangiospores

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42
Q

Merging of cells and nuclei of two cells with Types of specialized spores

A

Sexual

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43
Q

Types of specialized spores

A

i. Ascospores ii. Zygospores
iii. Basidiospore iv. Oospore

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44
Q

contained in a saclike ascus
Molds with septate hyphae

A

Ascospores (Sac Fungi)

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45
Q

Large spore in a thick wall
Molds w/aseptate hyphae Fusion of 2 identical cells

A

Zygospores (Conjugation Fungi)

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46
Q

Spores produced on a basidium
Septate hyphae

A

Basidiospores (Club Fungi)

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47
Q

Fusion of 2 separate non identical cells

A

Oospore

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48
Q

Phases of Reproduction

A

i. Teleomorph
ii. Anamorph
iii. Synanamorphs

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49
Q

Reproduce sexually

A

Teleomorph

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50
Q

When a teleomorph produce asexually

A

Anamorph

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51
Q

If >1 anamorph is present for the same teleomorph

A

Synanamorphs

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52
Q

Aseptate
Presence of Sporangium Mucor, Rhizopus and Absidia

A

Zygomycota (Glomerulomycota)

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53
Q

Septate
Presence of Ascospores
Microsporum, Trichophyton and P. boydii

A

Ascomycota

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54
Q

Septate w/ clamp connections Presence of Basidiospores Filobasidiella neoformans

A

Basidiomycota

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55
Q

Fungi Imperfecti
No mode of sexual reproduction Largest number of species

A

Deuteromycota

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56
Q

Agents of Mycoses

A
  1. Superficial Mycoses
  2. Cutaneous Mycoses
  3. Subcutaneous Mycoses
  4. Systemic Mycoses
  5. Opportunistic Mycoses
  6. Yeast & Yeast-like
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57
Q

General Characteristics
• Affects the outermost layer (stratum corneum) of the skin or hair

A

Superficial Mycoses

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58
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Superficial Mycoses

A

i. Malassezia furfur
ii.Hortaea werneckii
iii. Piedraia hortae
iv. Trichosporonbeigeliicomplex

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59
Q

Clinical Manifestations and Lab Diagnosis of Malassezia furfur

A

a. Clinical Manifestations
• Tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor)
• Pale or fawn patches in skin
b. Laboratory Diagnosis
• Cluster of Budding yeasts w/ hyphae
• “Spaghetti and meatballs”

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60
Q

Clinical Manifestations and Lab Diagnosis

Hortaea werneckii

A

a. Clinical Manifestations
• Tinea nigra
• brown to black macules in palms & soles
b. Laboratory Diagnosis
• Dark 1-2 (budding) cell • blastoconidia

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61
Q

Clinical Manifestations and Lab Diagnosis
iii. Piedraia hortae

A

a. Clinical Manifestations
• Black Piedra
• Brown to black crusts / nodules on hair b. b. Laboratory Diagnosis
• Dark hyphae with swelling (ascus)

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62
Q

Clinical Manifestations and Lab Diagnosis
iv. Trichosporonbeigeliicomplex

A

a.Clinical Manifestations
• White piedra
• Dark hyphae with swelling (ascus)
b. Laboratory Diagnosis
• Hyaline hyphae
• Blastoconidia and arthroconidia

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63
Q

General Characteristics Agents of dermatophytoses
Keratinophilic
(hair, nails and skin)
Asexual reproductive cells

A

Cutaneous Mycoses

64
Q

Infection: i. Scalp

A
  1. Tinea Favosa
  2. Tinea capitis
    a. Gray pitch ringworm
    b. Black-dot ringworm
65
Q

Agent of Tinea favosa

A

T. schoenleinii

66
Q

Agent of Tinea capitis a. Gray-patch ringworm

A

Microsporum spp.

67
Q

Agent of Tinea capitis b. Black-dit ringworm

A

Trichophyton spp.

68
Q

Infections: ii. Beard

A

Tinea barbae

69
Q

Agent of Tinea barbae

A

Trychophyton spp.

70
Q

Infections: iii. Body

A

Tinea corporis

71
Q

Agent of Tinea corporis

A

Trychophyton spp.
Microsporum spp.

72
Q

Infections: iv. Groin

A

Tinea cruris

73
Q

Agent of Tinea cruris

A

Epidermophyton sp.

74
Q

Infections: v. Feet

A

Tinea pedis
(Athlete’s, Moccasin)

75
Q

Agent of Tinea pedis

A

Trychophyton spp.

76
Q

Agent of Athlete’s, Moccasin)

A

Epidermophyton sp.

77
Q

Infections: vi. Nail

A

Tinea unguium
(Onychomycosis)

78
Q

Agent of Tinea unguium

A

Trychophyton spp.

79
Q

Agent of Onychomycosis

A

Epidermophyton sp.

80
Q

Dermatomycosis (Keratinized tissues):
Ringworm

A

Tinea capitis
Tinea corporis
Tinea unguium

81
Q

Site Affected of Tinea
capitis

A

Head (hair)

82
Q

Agent of Tinea
capitis

A

Microsporum
Trichophyton

83
Q

Site Affected of Tinea corporis

A

Body (skin)

84
Q

Agent of Tinea corporis

A

Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton

85
Q

Site affected of Tinea unguium

A

Nails

86
Q

Agent of Tinea unguium

A

Trichophyton
Epidermophyton

87
Q

Microconidia of E. floccosum

A

Absent

88
Q

Macroconidia of E. floccosum

A

Singly or in clusters
Broad and spatulate
Contains 2-5 cells

89
Q

Microconidia of M. canis

A

Sparse: clavate, sessile

90
Q

Macroconidia of M. canis

A

Spindle shape, echinulate 3-15 cells, tapered ends

91
Q

Microconidia of M. gypseum

A

Sparse: clavate, sessile

92
Q

Macroconidia of M. gypseum

A

Cigar-shaped, with spiny surface and rounded tips

93
Q

Microconidia of M. audouinii

A

Rare; Chlamydospores

94
Q

Macroconidia of M. audouinii

A

Chlamydoconidia-like swellings, bizzare-shaped

95
Q

Growth in Rice Grains of M. audouinii

A

Poor

96
Q

Fluorescence in Woods Lamp of M. audouinii

A

Positive

97
Q

Growth in Rice Grains of M. canis

A

Good

98
Q

Fluorescence in Woods Lamp of M. canis

A

Positive

99
Q

Growth in Rice Grains of M. gypseum

A

Good

100
Q

Fluorescence in Woods Lamp of M. gypseum

A

Negative

101
Q

Microconidia of T. mentagrophytes

A

Teardrop/globose Grapelike clusters

102
Q

Macroconidia of T. mentagrophytes

A

Rare: Cigar-shaped; Coiled spiral hyphae

103
Q

Microconidia of T. rubrum

A

Clavate- peg- tear- shaped: Sessile

104
Q

Macroconidia of T. rubrum

A

Pencil-shaped Cylindrical

105
Q

Microconidia of T. tonsurans

A

Abundant tear- club- peg- ballon- shaped

106
Q

Macroconidia of T. tonsurans

A

Cylindrical

107
Q

Species: T. mentagrophytes

Thiamine Req.
Urease
Hair Baiting

A

Neg
Pos (2 d)
Pos

108
Q

Species: T. rubrum

Thiamine Req.
Urease
Hair Baiting

A

Neg
Neg (≥7 d)
Neg

109
Q

Species: T. tonsurans

Thiamine Req.
Urease
Hair Baiting

A

Pos
Neg (4 d)
Neg

110
Q

General Characteristics
• Result from traumatic puncture of thorns or vegetation contaminated with fungi

A

Subcutaneous Mycoses

111
Q

• Verrucous dermatitidis and chromomycosis
• Caused by dematiaceous fungi

A

Chromoblastomycosis

112
Q

Chromoblastomycosis species

A

Phialophora verrucosa
Cladophialophora carrionii
Fonsecaea spp.

113
Q

Microscopic Morphology of Phialophora verrucosa

A

• Flask-shapedphialideswithcollarettes
• Conidiaoccurinballsattipsofphialides

114
Q

Granulomatous infection of tissue

A

Mycetomas

115
Q

Mycetomas Species

A

Pseudalleschria boydii

116
Q

Pseudalleschria boydii Microscopic Morphology

A

• Anamorphic form of S.apiospernum
• Cleistothecia containing ascospores

117
Q

Caused by dematiaceous fungi

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

118
Q

Gardening, exposure to rose thorns (rose-handler’s disease) and sphagnum moss

A

Sporotrichosis

119
Q

Sporotrichosis Species

A

Sporothrix schenckii

120
Q

Sporothrix schenckii Microscopic Morphology

A

Small, cigar shaped yeast
• Conidia in a “rosette” or “sleeve”
pattern

121
Q

General Characteristics
Dimorphic: mould (22-30°C) or yeast (35-
37°C)

A

Systemic Mycoses

122
Q

Systemic Mycoses Species

A

B. dermatitidis
H. capsulatum
C. immitis
P. brasiliensis.

123
Q

Ecology B. dermatitidis

A

River valleys and basins, soil

124
Q

Disease/Manifestations B. dermatitidis

A

• Gilchrist • Chicago

125
Q

Ecology of H. capsulatum

A

Bird, bat guano alkaline soil

126
Q

Disease/Manifestations H. capsulatum

A

• Cave, Spelunker’s • Darling

127
Q

Ecology C. immitis

A

Soil

128
Q

Disease/Manifestations C. immitis

A

• Desert bumps, Valley fever
• Desert rheumatism

129
Q

Ecology P. brasiliensis

A

Soil

130
Q

Disease/Manifestations P. brasiliensis

A

South American Blastomy.
• Lutz-Splendore-Almeida.

131
Q

Morphology of Blastomyces dermatitidis in Molds and Yeast

A

M: Ovoid conidia on short coniophores
Y: Large yeast Broad-based bud

132
Q

Morphology of Coccidioides immitis in Molds and Yeast

A

M: Barrel-shaped arthroconidia
Y: Spherules containing endospores

133
Q

Morphology of Histoplasma capsulatum in Molds and Yeast

A

M: Round, large, tuber- culate macroconidia
Y: Small, oval yeast

134
Q

Morphology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Molds and Yeast

A

M: Sterile hyphae Chlamydoconidia
Y: “Mariner’s wheel” “Mickey Mouse cap”

135
Q

Saprophytes and Opportunistic

A

Opportunistic Mycoses

136
Q

Aseptate Zygomycetes

A

Absidia
Mucor
Rhizopus

137
Q

Septate Hyaline

A

Aspergillus

138
Q

Septate Dematicaeous

A

Alternaria
Cladosporium
Curvularia

139
Q

• Sporangium, smooth and ovoid
• Internodal Rhizoids

A

Absidia

140
Q

• Sporangia remain intact
• Rhizoids are absent

A

Mucor

141
Q

• Sporangiophores clusters in a stolon
• Rhizoids is at the base of
sporangiophores

A

Rhizopus

142
Q

• Conidiophore that expands to a vesicle
• Vesicle is covered w/ phialides

A

Aspergillus

143
Q

Unicellular, budding & round to oval organisms

A

Yeast & Yeastlike Fungi

144
Q

Yeast & Yeastlike Fungi Species

A

Candida albicans
Cryptococcus neoformans
Geotrichum candidum

145
Q

True Yeast

A

Cryptococcosis

146
Q

• Pigeon, bat droppings
• Decaying vegetation

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

147
Q

Infection of Cryptococcus neoformans

A

• Systemic
• meningitis

148
Q

Ecology Candida albicans

A

GI tract
Mucus membranes

149
Q

Infection Candida albicans

A

Thrush
Vulvovaginitis
Diaper rash
Onychomycosis
Paronychomyc

150
Q

Geotrichum candidum Ecology

A

• Soil
• Decaying foods

151
Q

Geotrichum candidum Infection

A

Oral, lung, skin, etc.

152
Q

True Yeast

A

Cryptococcosis

153
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans Lab Test

A
  1. Cornmeal
    • Forms Round to oval yeast w/
    capsule & narrow-base budding 2. Colony (Niger Seed Agar)
    • Forms Brown-black colonies due to production of phenol oxidase
154
Q

Candida albicans Lab Test

A

Direct Examination
• Blastoconidia
(budding yeast / pseudohyphae)
Cornmeal (RT, 24-48 hrs)
• Produces Chlamydoconidia
Serum (35-37oC, 1-3 hrs)
• Produces Germ Tubes

155
Q

Yeast-like

A

Camdidiasis
Geotrichosis

156
Q

Geotrichum candidum Lab Test

A
  1. Cornmeal
    • Forms fragmented hyphae
    (rectangular arthrospores w/ rounded ends)

Myco Viro (11 decks)

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