Basic biosafety In A Mycology Laboratory

Question 1

is the application of combinations of laboratory practices and procedures, laboratory facilities, and safety equipment to prevent the accidental release of potentially infectious “hazardous” microorganism within the laboratory or the community.

Answer 1

Biosafety

Question 2

Measures and technologies employed to protect biohazardous materials or critical relevant information.

Answer 2

Biosecurity

Question 3

Aims to prevent unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversion or release.

Answer 3

Biosecurity

Question 4

Anything that can cause harm

Answer 4

Hazard

Question 5

The chance that a person/animal/environment will be HARMED if exposed to a HAZARD

Answer 5

Risk

Question 6

-Containment of potentially harmful biological agents
-Recognize and assess Biological hazards and -Laboratory- Associated Infections
Use of safe microbiological practices

Answer 6

PRINCIPLES OF BIOSAFETY

Question 7

A systematic process of gathering information and evaluating the likelihood and consequences of exposure to or release of workplace hazard(s) and determining the appropriate risk control measures to reduce the risk to an acceptable risk.
(WHO Biosafety Manual, 4th ed.)

Answer 7

Biological Risk Assessment

Question 8

A process to:
•Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm
•Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with the hazard (risk analysis, risk evaluation)
•Determine appropriate ways to
eliminate the hazard, or control the risk
when the hazard cannot be eliminated

Answer 8

Risk assessment

Question 9

Risk group classification #1
-Description and example

Answer 9

Organisms do not/unlikely cause disease in healthy adult humans

E.g. Escherichia coli(K12)

Question 10

Risk group classification #2
-Description and example

Answer 10

Organisms can cause disease in humans Disease is treatable and preventable

E.g. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, virus, Hepatitis B

Question 11

Risk group classification #3
-Description and example

Answer 11

Organisms can cause serious disease in
humans
Does not ordinarily spread from one infected individual to another
Treatment and vaccines for the disease may exist

E.g. Brucella spp., Yersinia pestis, Human immunodeficiency viruses, Rhabdoviridae (Rabies), SARS-Cov-2, Dimorphic fungi

Question 12

Risk group classification #4
-Description and example

Answer 12

Organisms can cause deadly disease in humans
Can easily transfer from one person to another Treatment or vaccine is not available

E.g. Lassa, Ebola virus, Marburg, Poxviridae

Question 13

Risk group classification -Fungi #1
-Description and Example

Answer 13

Low individual risk

E.g. Saccharomyces (bread yeast)

Question 14

Risk group classification- Fungi #2
-Description and example

Answer 14

Moderate individual risk, limited community risk

E.g. Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Aspergillus, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, Sporothrix schenckii, Trichophyton spp.

Question 15

Risk group classification- Fungi #3

Answer 15

High individual risk, low community risk

E.g. Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis,
Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Question 16

Risk group classification- Fungi #4
-Description and example

Answer 16

High individual risk, high community risk

E.g. none

Question 17

•Combinations of lab practices and techniques, safety equipment, and laboratory facilities
•Somewhat related to Risk Groups
•Main focus is on laboratory manipulation of agent

Answer 17

Biosafety Levels (BSLs)

Question 18

Role of biological safety cabinet (BSCs)

Answer 18

•To protect the user from the samples
•To protect the environment from the samples
•To protect the samples from
external elements

Question 19

Efficacy of Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs)

Answer 19

•Dependent on work practices
•Read BSC instructions in Biosafety Manual

Question 20

How to use a BSC

Answer 20

Before Using
•Clean interior panels + items placed inside
•Purge air 3+ min
•Sash to working height
During
•Designate clean, working, and
‘dirty’ work areas •Clean as you go •Protect the air curtain
After Using
•Clean interior panels + items
Clean
Working
Dirty
stored outside
•Purge air 3+ min •Turn on UV if safe •Accomplish usage log

Question 21

•A process of rendering an area, equipment, item or material safe to handle by reducing the level of
microbial contamination so that infection transmission is eliminated

Answer 21

DECONTAMINATION

Question 22

Decontamination may require:

Answer 22

-Sterilization
-Disinfection

Question 23

A process that completely eliminate all living microorganisms including bacterial spores

Answer 23

Sterilization

Question 24

A less lethal process than sterilization that eliminates most forms of living

Answer 24

Disinfection

Question 25

Example of sterilization

Answer 25

Autoclave

Question 26

Temp for sterilizing culture media

Answer 26

121degrees C for 15 mins, or 110degrees C for 10 mins

Question 27

Temp for sterilizing laboratory waste

Answer 27

121degrees C for 60 mins

Question 28

Classes of Chemical Disinfectants

Answer 28

–Chlorine (household bleach)
–Iodine
–Alcohol 70%
–Phenolics

Question 29

Most common Classes of Chemical Disinfectants

Answer 29

-Chlorine (household Bleach)
-Alchol 70%

Question 30

–Quarternary Ammonium Compounds

Answer 30

–Gluteraldehyde
–Formaldehyde
–Hydrogen Peroxide
–Chlorhexidine

Question 31

Chemical agents are affected by the following:

Answer 31

•Organic load
• Concentration
•Contact Time
• Temperature •Relative Humidity •pH
• Stability

Question 32

Composition of 10% Bleach

Answer 32

10ml household bleach + 90ml water (1:10)

Question 33

Contact time of 70% alcohol

Answer 33

1 minute contact time

Question 34

Contact time of 10% bleach

Answer 34

10 mins contact time

Question 35

All laboratory incidents such as exposures, injuries, spills and leaks be reported immediately to the Biosafety officer and department head.

Answer 35

LABORATORY INCIDENT FORM

Question 36

SPILLS MANAGEMENT

Answer 36

1. Cover the spill with dry absorbent material and let it soak the spill
2. Pour disinfectant to the absorbent material but do not over soak
3. Carefully remove the soiled absorbents material and throw inside biohazard bag
4. Disinfect the spill area
5. Wipe dry the spill area with clean absorbent material
   -Wipe in circular motion starting from the outside are going to the center of the spill area (outside to inward)
   -Repeat if necessary