Demonstration Of Fungal Structures In Tissue

Question 1

Bloodstream invasion

Answer 1

Candidiasis

Question 2

Example of non culturable

Answer 2

Lobomycosis and rhinosporidiosis

Question 3

• Amount of tissue obtained
• Architectural distortion – tissue processing ?
• Diagnostic challenge – has mimics

Answer 3

Limitations

Question 4

• All fungi show pink cytoplasm, blue nuclei, no color for the wall

Answer 4

Hematoxylin and eosin

Question 5

• Detects glycogen in tissues, fungal walls contain large amounts of glycogen
• Fungal cell wall stain pink- red depending on counterstain
• Blue nuclei

Answer 5

Periodic Acid - Schiff Stain (PAS) –

Question 6

silver nitrate outlines fungi in black due to the silver precipitating on the fungi cell wall. The internal parts of hyphae are deep rose to black, and the background is light green.

Answer 6

Grocott / Gomori Methenamine Silver Stain (GMS)

Question 7

Stains mucopolysaccharides, including the capsules of a variety of organisms; also stains mucus, which can be present in a variety of human cells
• Stains capsules of Cryptococcus neoformans deep rose

Answer 7

Mayer or Southgate Mucicarmine Stain

Question 8

stains the walls of most fungi; Hyphae and yeast stain dark blue or rose. Tissues stain deep blue and background is yellow.

Answer 8

Gridley stain

Question 9

Useful to highlight the capsules of Cryptococcus, which appear red or blue depending on the stain used

Answer 9

Alcian Blue

Question 10

simple, sensitive, and extremely specific method of detecting fungi in tissues or fluids. Applications for many different fungal organisms.

Answer 10

• Fluorescent Antibody Stain

Question 11

used for blood and bone marrow specimens. Histoplasma capsulatum is an intra cellular organism, which appears as small oval to pear-shaped yeast-like cells with crescent shaped red- stained protoplasm surrounded by clear halo in segmented neutrophils

Answer 11

Giemsa stain

Question 12

good for initial differentiation of dimorphic fungi. Works well on sputum smears.

Answer 12

Papanicolaou Stain

Question 13

generally fungi are gram positive; Actinomyces and Nocardia are gram variable.

Answer 13

Gram Stain

Question 14

used to differentiate the acid-fast Nocardia from other aerobic Actinomyces.

Answer 14

Modified Acid-Fast Stain

Question 15

very popular for quick evaluation of fungal structures; will stain the chitin in cell walls of fungi.

Answer 15

Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB)

Question 16

demonstrates the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF specimens.

Answer 16

• India Ink

Question 17

Sporangia/ Spherules

Answer 17

• Rhinosporodiosis • Coccidioides

Question 18

• Brain and subcutaneous abscess • dematiaceous

Answer 18

Phaeohyphomycosis

Question 19

• Actinomycotic granule
• Eumycotic mycetoma
• Fine and delicate filaments or thick and septate hyphae

Answer 19

Granules

Question 20

• Chromomycosis / Chromoblastomycosis
• Spherical
• Dematiaceous
• Splitting
• Sclerotic bodies

Answer 20

Fission Bodies

Question 21

• In vivo – no chlamydospore
• Pulmonary x oral if hyphae&raquo_space;>
yeast cells
• Renal candida

Answer 21

Combination of yeast cells and pseudohyphae

Question 22

string of elongated blastoconidia formed by some yeasts that resemble a hypha-like filament.

Answer 22

Pseudohyphae

Question 23

Describes as pilot wheel

Answer 23

Diagnosis: Paracoccidioides brasiliensism

Question 24

North American blastomycosis aka

Answer 24

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 25

Neutrophil in infected with (invade inside the neutrophil)

Answer 25

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 26

Coencytic

Answer 26

Zygomycete aseptate

Question 27

Septate hyphae

Answer 27

Penicillium

Question 28

Nonseptate hyphae

Answer 28

As in rhizopus

Question 29

South american blastomycosis defined

Answer 29

as mouse ear or mariners wheel

Question 30

Gram variable

Answer 30

Actinomyces and nocardia