Midterm

Question 1

Know the factors and the characteristics of aerosols and gases that influence the damage to the respiratory tract done by aerosols and by gases.

Answer 1

Aerosols
**biological/ physical/ 
chemical characteristics- ie iron- 
no harm while lead does a lot of damage
**Aerodynamic diameter
determines where aerosol is likely deposit
**Clearance

Gases

• *solubility (soluble in water? air?)
• *reactivity
• *concentration

Question 2

An aerosol consisting of liquid particles generated by condensation of a substance from the gaseous to the liquid state.

Answer 2

Mist

Question 3

Mechanically produced solid chemicals

Answer 3

Dust

Question 4

solid particles generated by condensation from the gaseous state (usually after volatilization from melted substance like welding.

Answer 4

fumes

Question 5

aerosols, gases, and vapors resulting from incomplete combustion

Answer 5

Smoke

Question 6

what are the health effects of gaseous sensory irritants on the URT?

Answer 6

• increased mucus
• decreased ciliary beating
• bronchoconstriction

Question 7

Give an example of a pulmonary irritant gas?

Answer 7

NOx, Phosgene

Question 8

What are the health impacts of pulmonary irritant gases?

Answer 8

damage lining, kill macrophages, damage surfactant, pulmonary edema

Question 9

What is the term for irritant gases that impact the lower and upper resp. tract? Ex?

Answer 9

respiratory irritants

Ex- Cl

Question 10

History of IH

Answer 10

1800s- PA mine safety act/ working with miners
1910s- little protection/ start to research industrial hygiene (alice hamilton), workmans comp starts, shirtwaist triangle tragedy
1930s- ACGIH and AIHA formed
1970- OSHA

Question 11

Describe NMAM

Answer 11

NMAM- best resource for sampling
collection of methods for sampling and analysis of contaminants in workplace air, surfaces, and blood and urine of those exposed

Question 12

How would you determine the maximum risk group?

Answer 12

use an exposure ranking based on OEL/ estimated concentration/ duration of exposure

Question 13

If you cannot determine the maximum risk group, how can you determine the number of people to test?

Answer 13

NIOSH Occupational Exposure Sampling Strategies Manual

Question 14

Examples of combustible gas accidents

Answer 14

West Pharma- explosion from plastics buildup, Didion Milling- corn dust explosion in Michigan last year. Problem- ignite and primary explosion and can have secondary explosions- dust gives a lot of fuel

Question 15

Examples of confined space accidents

Answer 15

Confined spaces- Garcia- pine solvent in truck- utility workers going into manhole died from methane and hydrogen sulfide buildup

Question 16

Skills of an IH professional

Answer 16

• want to help people
• technical writing
• interactive communication
• Common sense
• good judgement
• creativity
• engineering
• listening

Question 17

For what occupations does OSHA have mandatory LEV requirements?

Answer 17

abrasive blasting
grinding
polishing
spray finish

Question 18

What is makeup air?

Answer 18

Outdoor air added to the system so air inside replenished

Question 19

How to evaluate dermatological agents

Answer 19

SDS
vaccuum test
Wipe testing
surfaces of people
Air sampling

Question 20

3 functions of the skin

Answer 20

thermal regulation
permeability barrier
UV light barrier

Question 21

What are the static and dynamic properties of aerosols?

Answer 21

Static: size, evaporation/condensation, solubility, surface area, light scattering, & electric charge (tend to stick to objects).

Dynamic (what happens to particle when it moves): settle, entrain (draw or transport by fluid), filter, impact, impinge, intercept, and diffuse.

Question 22

Gases to test for in confined spaces

Answer 22

Oxygen, ozone, methane, CO, hydrogen sulfide

Question 23

Actions for confined spaces

Answer 23

Before: obtain permit, monitor gas, know how to lock an entrance and way of exiting
While: ventilation (blow in fresh air for oxygen supply), 2 people minimum

Question 24

History of protection

Answer 24

First regulations and safety measures throughout the 1800’s, but weren’t really protected until OSHA (1971)

Question 25

What is combustible dust? Ex?

Answer 25

any fine material that has the ability to catch fire and explode when mixed with air
Examples: metal and wood dust, coal and carbon dust, etc

Question 26

Examples and hazads of confined spaces

Answer 26

Examples: tanks, vessels, silos, underground manhole, storage bins, pits, tunnels, ductwork, pipelines, etc
Hazards: oxygen deficiency, toxic or flammable gases (reactive chemicals in any form)

Question 27

Activities of IH Professional

Answer 27

investigate and solve mold, asbestos, airborne contaminants, radiation, water quality, ergonomics, heat stress, anthrax,and noise; conduct hazard evaluations, exposure assessment, biological monitoring, accident investigation, inspection and auditing, environmental site assessments, hazardous waste handling and monitoring, lab health and safety, meth lab investigations and cleanup, and nanotechnology workplace safety.

Question 28

What is the key motion for cyclones?

Answer 28

centrifugal