Midterm #3 - Appendix A Flashcards
1
Q
measurement scale
A
- a classification system used to measure a variable
- can be nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio
2
Q
nominal scale
A
- numbers are used as substitute for category names
- ex. gender ethnicity, or relationship status
3
Q
dummy coding
A
- process of assigning numbers to represent categories when measuring nominal scale variables
4
Q
dichotomous variable
A
- a nominal scale variable with only two categories
5
Q
ordinal scale
A
- numbers are used to rank the variable on some dimension
6
Q
interval scale
A
- numbers indicate an ordering to the measurements, and the difference between each measurement value is the same
7
Q
ratio scale
A
- numbers indicate an ordering to the measurements
- difference between each measurement value is the same
- there’s a true zero point
8
Q
frequency distrubtion
A
- a table with 2 columns
9
Q
histogram
A
- type of chart used to graph continuous variables
- frequency of measurement is represented with bars that touch
10
Q
frequency polygon
A
- type of chart used to graph continuous variable
- frequency measurement is represented with a point in the graph
- points connected with a line
11
Q
normal distribution
A
- a distribution of scores that resembles a bell-shaped curve
- symmetrical with one peak, shows an equivalent mean, median, and mode
12
Q
skewed distribution
A
- a distribution of scores that is nonsymmetrical because some scores are more extreme than the majority of the other scores
13
Q
which measure of central tendency represents the average of interval and ratio scales?
A
- the mean
14
Q
which measure of central tendency represents the average of ordinal and ranked data?
A
- the median
15
Q
which measure of central tendency represents the average of nominal level data?
A
- the mode
16
Q
range
A
- measure of variability in the data computed by subtracting the lowest score from the highest score
17
Q
value of correlation coefficient can range from ___ to ____?
A
- 0 to 1
18
Q
statistical hypothesis testing
A
- start with the premise that the null hypothesis is correct (there is no difference)
19
Q
alternative hypothesis
A
- the hypothesis that’s tested against the null hypothesis when engaging in hypothesis testing
- usually the research hypothesis
20
Q
p-value
A
- the probability of making a type 1 error if the null hypothesis is rejected
21
Q
type I error
A
- the mistake we make when we decide to reject the null hypothesis when we shouldn’t
- false positive
22
Q
type II error
A
- the mistake we make when we fail to reject the null hypothesis when it should be rejected
- false negative
23
Q
beta
A
- the probability of making a type II error
24
Q
Cohen’s d
A
- a measure of effect size that represents the standardized difference between the means of 2 correlations
25
Q
effect size r
A
- a measure of effect size that represents the correlation between the IV and the DV in comparisons between 2 conditions
26
Q
confidence interval
A
- the range of scores that the researcher believes contains the population’s true values
- usually 95%