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Psych201 > Midterm #1 & #3 - The Research Process > Flashcards

Midterm #1 & #3 - The Research Process Flashcards

1
Q

hypothesis

A
  • an educated prediction that provides a testable explanation of a phenomenon
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2
Q

the research process (6 aspects)

A
  1. define research question with a theory
  2. specific and testable hypothesis based on research question
  3. carry out study, collect data
  4. analyze and interpret data
  5. revise theory based on data
  6. repeat
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3
Q

3 steps for a good research question

A
  1. start with a general research idea
  2. turn that into an empirically testable research question
  3. evaluate how interesting the question really is
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4
Q

common sense (for hypothesis)

A
  • body of knowledge we all know to be true
  • can support or refute common sense concepts
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5
Q

observation of the world (for hypothesis)

A
  • can lead to interesting questions
  • culture? environment?
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6
Q

practical problems (for hypothesis)

A
  • access to healthcare
  • online learning services
  • incentives to move to green alternatitives
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7
Q

past research

A
  • may spawn new related ideas
  • can re-evaluate previous studies and improve upon them
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8
Q

PICO framework

A
  • population
  • intervention
  • comparison
  • outcome
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9
Q

population (PICO)

A
  • used to develop and refine research questions
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10
Q

intervention (PICO)

A
  • usually quantitative
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11
Q

population and outcome (PICO)

A
  • qualitative research benefits from clearly defining the population and outcome
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12
Q

quantitative

A
  • descriptive
  • comparative
  • relationship
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13
Q

qualitative

A
  • describes and contextualizes a phenomenon
  • non-directional (doesn’t predict)
  • flexible
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14
Q

deduction order (quanititative)

A
  • theory -> hypothesis -> observation -> confirmation
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15
Q

induction order (qualitative)

A
  • observation -> pattern -> hypothesis -> theory
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16
Q

evaluating research questions (FINER)

A
  • feasible
  • interesting
  • novel
  • ethical
  • relevant
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17
Q

feasible (FINER)

A
  • if study can be done based on resources, time, and tech
18
Q

interesting (FINER)

A
  • whether study captivates a wider audience
19
Q

novel (FINER)

A
  • uncharted areas
  • new viewpoints
20
Q

ethical (FINER)

A
  • integrity
  • respect and responsibility
  • safeguards dignity and well-being of participants
21
Q

relevant (FINER)

A
  • research resonates with real world
22
Q

criteria of professional journals

A
  • established for a long time
  • associated with a professional organization
  • peer reviewed
23
Q

when should stage one of peer review be done?

A
  • between designing the study and collecting and analyzing data
24
Q

when should stage two of peer review be done?

A
  • between writing the report and publishing the report
25
Q

scientific law

A
  • a statement based on repeated experimental observation that describes some aspect of the world
26
Q

scientific theory

A
  • a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world confirmed through repeated observation
27
Q

strategies for generating hypotheses

A
  • introspection
  • find the exception to the rule
  • a matter of degree
  • change the directionality
28
Q

syllogistic logic

A
  • IF (hypothesis) AND (method) THEN (prediction)
29
Q

if a prediction is false it could mean … ?

A
  • the method was ineffective
  • the theory was wrong
  • the results were a fluke
30
Q

how do we test our hypothesis?

A
  • identify key variables
  • choose a research design
  • conduct the study
  • analyze the data and draw conclusions
  • communicate the findings
31
Q

experimental designs

A
  • experimenter manipulates the independent variable
  • establish cause and effect relationships between IV and DV
32
Q

correlational designs

A
  • nonexperimental
  • gives us relationships without manipulation
  • no IV or DV as either variable can predict the other
33
Q

independent variable in correlational designs

A
  • explanatory or predictor
34
Q

dependent variable in correlational designs

A
  • criterion or response variable
35
Q

script

A
  • written instructions
  • researcher reads to each participant while collecting data
36
Q

sections in an APA style report

A
  • title page
  • abstract
  • intro
  • method
  • results
  • discussion
  • references
37
Q

conceptual definition

A
  • defining a variable in theoretical terms
38
Q

operational definition

A
  • determining how variables will be used in study
39
Q

independent variable

A
  • influences dependent
  • manipulated or controlled
40
Q

dependent variable

A
  • measured in association with changes to the IV
  • outcome or effect

Psych201 (19 decks)

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