Midterm #2 & #3- Non-Experimental Designs Flashcards
1
Q
nonexperimental research
A
- lacks a manipulated IV and random sampling/assignment
- used when not possible or ethical to manipulate or randomly assign
2
Q
types of nonexperimental research
A
- single variable
- single case
- correlational
- quasi-experimental
3
Q
advantages
A
- real life situations
- prediction
- can study aspects of people
- can study variables that would be unethical to manipulate
4
Q
disadvantages
A
- can’t tell direction of relationships
- uncontrolled 3rd variables
5
Q
internal validity
A
- extent to which the IV caused the observed change in the DV
- tends to be highest in experimental research, then quasi, then non experimental
6
Q
single variable research
A
- focusing on one variable related to a population or phenomenon
- isolate and understand the effects of a single variable
7
Q
designing single variable research
A
- select variable of interest
- choose relevant pop and sampling strategy
- define methods for measuring the variable
8
Q
ecological validity
A
- measures how well research findings apply to real world settings outside the study environment
- need to balance the experimental control with the complexity of naturalistic environments
9
Q
“can” studies
A
- investigate maximum capability/potential of an individual or system
10
Q
“do” studies
A
- examine behaviour or performance in everyday contexts
11
Q
non-concealed observation
A
- observer informs participants that they are under observation
12
Q
concealed observation
A
- participant doesn’t know they’re being observed
13
Q
coding system
A
- rules to guide how researcher classifies and records behaviours under observation
14
Q
duration recording
A
- documenting length of time a behaviour occurs/time elapsed between behaviours
15
Q
frequency count recording
A
- record when target behaviour occurs
16
Q
observation schedule
A
- where observers note the particulars of the observed behaviour/phenomenon
17
Q
experimental criterion for evaluating change
A
- repeated demo of behavioural change should occur with intervention introduction
- no overlap between phases
18
Q
therapeutic criterion for evaluating change
A
- clinical significance
- social validation
- social comparison
- subject evaluation
19
Q
external validity
A
- the extent to which study findings are applicable/generalizable outside the data collection setting
20
Q
inter-observer reliability
A
- the level of agreement between 2 observers’ coding of the same phenomenon
21
Q
intra-observer reliability
A
- the extent to which an observer consistently codes a phenomenon
22
Q
mode
A
- most frequently occurring value in a set of scores
23
Q
mean
A
- the mathematically calculated average of a set of scores
24
Q
median
A
- the value found at the exact middle of the set of scores
