Midterm #1 - Research Ethics Flashcards
1
Q
ethics
A
- the application of moral principles
- what an individual considers to be right and wrong
- help guide decisions and behaviour
2
Q
utilitarian
A
- greatest good for greatest number of people
3
Q
altruistic
A
- helping others without personal benefit
4
Q
egoism
A
- individuals should act in accordance with own self interests
5
Q
Milgram’s experiment
A
- studied effects of situational factors of people’s willingness to obey an authority figure
- participants delivered shocks
- confederate pretended to be in pain
6
Q
Belmont principle 1
A
- beneficence: acting with the purpose of benefitting others
- nonmaleficence: researchers should do no harm
7
Q
cost-benefit analysis
A
- systematic process
- researcher weighs all potential and known benefits against all potential and known risks before conducting study
8
Q
Belmont principle 2
A
- justice: fairness when deciding who to use as a participant and what role they will play
9
Q
clinical equipose
A
- uncertainty as to which of two treatment options is more beneficial when conducting a study
- essential to maintaining justice
10
Q
Belmont principle 3
A
- respect for persons
- autonomy
- informed consent
11
Q
autonomy (principle 3)
A
- people can make deliberate, informed decisions about their participation in research
- people should have the right to freely choose to be involved in a study
12
Q
informed consent (principle 3)
A
- participants learn what the study expects of them and the risks and benefits of participating, then freely choose to participate
13
Q
IRB
A
- institutional review board
- ethic committee
14
Q
tri-council policy 3 core principles
A
- respect for persons
- concern for welfare/protection from harm
- justice/fairness
15
Q
respect for persons (tri-council)
A
- informed and ongoing consent
- freedom from coercion
- Q&A opportunities
