​​Midterm 2 - Unit 6 Lecture 1

Question 1

RT is an important performance measure indicating…

Answer 1

speed and effectiveness of decision making.

Question 2

Factors that influence RT

Answer 2

Number of stimulus-response alternatives
Stimulus-response compatibility
Population stereotypes
Practice

Question 3

what is Simple reaction time

Answer 3

the quickest RT possible
one possible stimuli, one possible response

Question 4

As the number of possible S-R alternatives increases, there is an _____________ in the _________required to respond to any one of them.

Answer 4

increase, time

Question 5

what is Choice reaction time

Answer 5

involves a person distinguishing among two or more stimuli and possibly having one or more responses to make.

Question 6

what is Hick - Hyman Law

Answer 6

a psychological principle which states that the more options are available to a person, the longer it will take for him or her to make a decision about which option is best

RT will increase logarithmically as the number of stimulus-response choices increases

stable relationship: As the number of S-R pairs increases, choice reaction time increases

Question 7

write doe hick hyman law and define what “a” and “b” represent

Answer 7

CRT = a +b Log2(N)

a= RT intercept
b=slope
N=number of S-R choices

Question 8

what does the Log2 function represent in Hick - Hyman Law

Answer 8

designates that the RT increase is due to the information transmitted by the possible choices, rather than to the actual number of choice alternatives.

Question 9

what is a “bit”

Answer 9

short for binary digit, is a yes/no (i.e., 1/0) choice between two alternatives.

Question 10

Greater number of bits =

Answer 10

more difficult to process

Question 11

what is Stimulus-response compatibility

Answer 11

Defined as the extent to which the stimulus and the response it evokes are connected in a natural way.

The higher the compatibility, the more the configuration has been practiced in our daily lives.

Practice can help overcome low S-R compatibility.

Question 12

what are the 2 major practice-related factors that affect choice RT

Answer 12

Amount of practice
Nature of practice

Question 13

what is the relationship between Practice and simple RT

Answer 13

if the same stimulus always leads to the same response, RT becomes quicker.

Question 14

what is the relationship between Practice and S-R alternatives

Answer 14

practice keeps reaction time from increasing, even when stimulus-response alternatives increase.

Question 15

Effect of practice on Hick-Hyman law

Answer 15

practice decreases “b”, (the slope of the function)

Question 16

what is the role of anticipation in response selection

Answer 16

Anticipation can hasten the speed of responding to stimuli.
A performer learns to use appropriate perceptual cues to predict future events.

Question 17

what are types of anticipation

Answer 17

Event anticipation
Spatial anticipation
Temporal anticipation

Question 18

what is Event anticipation

Answer 18

the ability to predict what is going to happen

Question 19

what is Spatial anticipation

Answer 19

he ability to predict where an event is going to happen in the spatial environment before it happens (e.g., badminton clear vs drop shot)

Question 20

what is Temporal anticipation

Answer 20

the ability to predict when an event will occur (e.g., sprint start)

Question 21

what are the Benefits of anticipation

Answer 21

A correct anticipation can result in the processing lag equivalent to RT = 0ms

Anticipation can start an action simultaneously with a signal or even before it.

Anticipation allows more time to execute the task optimally.

Question 22

what are the Costs of anticipation

Answer 22

primary disadvantage occurs when the anticipated action is not what actually happens.

An incorrect anticipation will require more processing activities and longer delay compared to a response to a neutral or unanticipated event.

Question 23

what are some Strategies for preventing the opponent’s anticipation

Answer 23

Randomize (keep your movements unpredictable)
Try to get the opponent to anticipate incorrectly (e.g., fake moves)
Preventing the opponent from using anticipatory cues

Question 24

when might allowing others to anticipate your moves be good

Answer 24

driving
team sports