Midterm 2 - Unit 6 Lecture 1 Flashcards
RT is an important performance measure indicating…
speed and effectiveness of decision making.
Factors that influence RT
Number of stimulus-response alternatives
Stimulus-response compatibility
Population stereotypes
Practice
what is Simple reaction time
the quickest RT possible
one possible stimuli, one possible response
As the number of possible S-R alternatives increases, there is an _____________ in the _________required to respond to any one of them.
increase, time
what is Choice reaction time
involves a person distinguishing among two or more stimuli and possibly having one or more responses to make.
what is Hick - Hyman Law
a psychological principle which states that the more options are available to a person, the longer it will take for him or her to make a decision about which option is best
RT will increase logarithmically as the number of stimulus-response choices increases
stable relationship: As the number of S-R pairs increases, choice reaction time increases
write doe hick hyman law and define what “a” and “b” represent
CRT = a +b Log2(N)
a= RT intercept
b=slope
N=number of S-R choices
what does the Log2 function represent in Hick - Hyman Law
designates that the RT increase is due to the information transmitted by the possible choices, rather than to the actual number of choice alternatives.
what is a “bit”
short for binary digit, is a yes/no (i.e., 1/0) choice between two alternatives.
Greater number of bits =
more difficult to process
what is Stimulus-response compatibility
Defined as the extent to which the stimulus and the response it evokes are connected in a natural way.
The higher the compatibility, the more the configuration has been practiced in our daily lives.
Practice can help overcome low S-R compatibility.
what are the 2 major practice-related factors that affect choice RT
Amount of practice
Nature of practice
what is the relationship between Practice and simple RT
if the same stimulus always leads to the same response, RT becomes quicker.
what is the relationship between Practice and S-R alternatives
practice keeps reaction time from increasing, even when stimulus-response alternatives increase.
Effect of practice on Hick-Hyman law
practice decreases “b”, (the slope of the function)
what is the role of anticipation in response selection
Anticipation can hasten the speed of responding to stimuli.
A performer learns to use appropriate perceptual cues to predict future events.
what are types of anticipation
Event anticipation
Spatial anticipation
Temporal anticipation
what is Event anticipation
the ability to predict what is going to happen
what is Spatial anticipation
he ability to predict where an event is going to happen in the spatial environment before it happens (e.g., badminton clear vs drop shot)
what is Temporal anticipation
the ability to predict when an event will occur (e.g., sprint start)
what are the Benefits of anticipation
A correct anticipation can result in the processing lag equivalent to RT = 0ms
Anticipation can start an action simultaneously with a signal or even before it.
Anticipation allows more time to execute the task optimally.
what are the Costs of anticipation
primary disadvantage occurs when the anticipated action is not what actually happens.
An incorrect anticipation will require more processing activities and longer delay compared to a response to a neutral or unanticipated event.
what are some Strategies for preventing the opponent’s anticipation
Randomize (keep your movements unpredictable)
Try to get the opponent to anticipate incorrectly (e.g., fake moves)
Preventing the opponent from using anticipatory cues
when might allowing others to anticipate your moves be good
driving
team sports
