Midterm 1 - Unit 2 Lecture 2 Flashcards
what are the Three information processing stages
Perceptual mechanism
Decision mechanism
Effector mechanism
provide an example of a perceptual mechanism situation
“Brake lights flash in front of you.”
provide an example of a decision mechanism situation
“Car in front is stopping, decide to apply brakes.”
provide an example of a effector mechanism situation
Information sent via efferent nerves to leg/foot
when can feedback occur according to the information processing model
during effector mechanism and action
what does feedback refer to
information about error
what is error
the difference between outcome and intention
information processing capacity of the system is limited. True or false
true
what are the 4 characteristics of Information Processing Model
Limited Capacity
Speed-Accuracy Characteristic
Response Time
Limiting Principle
what is Limited Capacity
Humans can only process a limited amount of information at a time without becoming overloaded.
Within Limited Capacity Information is either
lost or
filtered out by the system
what is the Speed-Accuracy Characteristic
If insufficient time is allowed for perfect processing, then accuracy suffers, i.e. the information is distorted.
how do skilled performers increase their information processing capacity
This increase in capacity is due to the storage of past experience (information) in long-term memory.
what is chunking
When dealing with a lot of information, action is automated and unconscious (becomes like a reflex, so it is faster)
what is Response time
Response time is the sum of separate times for each function/mental operation
what is Limiting Principle
You cannot tell from the end results of action reasons for successful or unsuccessful performance.
define learning
relatively permanent improvement (change) in performance as a result of practice or experience
what are the Four characteristics of performance that indicate learning:
Improvement
Consistency
Persistence
Adaptability
what is Fitts and Posner model of skill acquisition
identified stages of learning according to how the cognitive processes involved in motor performance change as a function of practice.
what is Bernstein conceptualizations of learning
identified stages of learning from a combined motor control and biomechanical perspective
what are the 3 stages of learning in the Fitts and Posner model of skill acquisition
Cognitive Stage
Associative stage
Autonomous stage
what is the cognitive stage in the Fitts and Posner model of skill acquisition
The learner is concerned with goal identification, performance evaluation, what to do, when to do it.
“Understand” task, gross errors,disconnected performance, learn strategies.
very rapid and large gains in proficiency in this stage
what is the Associative stage in the Fitts and Posner model of skill acquisition
The learner’s focus shifts to organizing more effective movement patterns.
Connect stimulus to motor response and connect parts of task into a whole, gross errors drop out, refinement of performance.
Learners begin to monitor their own feedback and detect their errors.
what is the Autonomous stage in the Fitts and Posner model of skill acquisition
Constant monitoring of performance unnecessary, it becomes automatic; speed increases and variability decreases; errors drop out; “the skilled performer“; takes months and years.
The decreased attention demanded by both perceptual and motor processes frees the individual to perform simultaneous higher order cognitive activities
