Midterm 1 - Unit 2 Lecture 1: Flashcards
what are the three types of human movement
Reflexes
Stereotyped movements
Self expression / goal-directed behaviour
what are stereotyped movements
Standard movement
Our ability to walk/run
what are Self expression / goal-directed behaviour movements
The ability to express what we are feeling inside through our movements
What is Skilled Performance?
the “learned” ability to achieve predetermined results
what are the goals of skilled performance
Maximizing the certainty of goal achievement
Minimizing the physical and mental energy costs of performance
Minimizing the time used
what is the first Connotations of Skilled Performance
Quality of performance that does not depend solely on a person’s innate abilities, but is developed through training, experience, and practice (i.e. learning is crucial; long hours of practice). This is the distinction between ability and skill.
what is the second connotations of skilled performance
Skill depends on learning but goes beyond it to include efficiency and economy of performance (quality of learning; smooth and tireless)
what is the third connotation of skilled performance
Flexibility of operation with which a skilled performer can reach the same end results depending on circumstances (i.e. many strategies and procedures).
what are the Three elements that are critical to almost any skill
Perceptual
Cognitive
Motor
what is the perceptual element of skill
Perceiving the relevant environmental features
Discriminate between sensory stimuli important for the skill vs. “noise”
what is the cognitive element of skill
Deciding what to do,where and when to perform the skill
Quality of the performer’s decisions regarding what to do is important
what is the motor element of skill
Producing organized muscular activity to generate movements that achieve the goal
Quality of movement is important
what are the 5 classifications of Motor skills
Level of Environmental Predictability (Open → closed)
Movement Initiation (Self paced → forced passed)
Task Organization (Discrete → serial → continuous)
Importance of Physical & Cognitive Components (Motor → cognitive)
Primary Muscles Required (gross motor → fine motor)
what is an open skill
A skill performed in an environment that is variable and unpredictable during the action
requires performers to adapt their movement in response to dynamic properties of the environment
what is a Closed skill
A skill performed in an environment that is stable and predictable during the action
allows performers to plan their movements in advance
what is a self paced movement
performer sets pace with respect to the initiation of movement
what is a Forced paced movement
pace set by outside stimulus
what are discrete skills
usually have an easily defined beginning and end, often with a very brief duration of movement
what are serial skills
A serial skill is a group of discrete skills strung together to make up a new, more complicated skilled action.
The word serial implies that the order of the elements is usually critical for successful performance.
what are Continuous skills
Continuous skills have arbitrary beginning and end points, the behavior flowing for minutes or hours
series of actions strung together
sensorimotor skill
“doing it correctly”
Cognitive skill
“knowing what to do”
Cognitive skill
“knowing what to do”
skills can also be classified based on the Primary Muscles Required. what are the 2?
Gross = Large muscle groups used
Fine = small muscles groups (hand and fingers primarily)
