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HH/KINE3020 A - Skilled Performance and Motor Learning > Midterm 1 - Unit 1 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Midterm 1 - Unit 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is motor control

A

the process of initiating, directing, and grading purposeful voluntary movement

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2
Q

what does motor control involve

A

Sensory - afference
Cortical processing
motor/action - efference
Coordination

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3
Q

what is volitional movement?provide an example

A

the intended execution of an action.
reaching out to grab a cup or serving in tennis

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4
Q

What does the CNS consist of

A

Brain & Spinal Cord

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5
Q

What does the PNS consist of

A

peripheral nerves and ganglia

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6
Q

ventral

A

front

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7
Q

dorsal

A

back

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8
Q

superior

A

toward the head/upper

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9
Q

inferior

A

away from head/lower

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10
Q

anterior

A

in front of

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11
Q

posterior

A

back of

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12
Q

rostral

A

Toward the front of the brain

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13
Q

caudal

A

to the tail

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14
Q

medial

A

toward the middle or center

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15
Q

lateral

A

away from the middle of the body

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16
Q

distal

A

sites located away from a specific area

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17
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the center

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18
Q

what are the 3 planes of human anatomy

A

horizontal, coronal, sagittal

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19
Q

what are the two major cell types of the nervous system

A

neurons and glia

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20
Q

Human brain contains approx how many neurons

A

100 billion

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21
Q

what are the 4 basic parts of a neuron

A

Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Presynaptic boutons (presynaptic terminal, axon terminal )

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22
Q

what is considered the functional unit of nervous system

A

neuron

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23
Q

what are the 3 types of neurons

A

sensory (afferent)
motor (efferent)
interneuron

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24
Q

what is the function of the sensory neuron

A

relays info from the periphery to the CNS

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25
Q

what is the function of the motor neuron

A

relays info from CNS to muscle
control muscle contraction

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26
Q

what is the function of interneuron

A

Relays info from within the spinal cord

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27
Q

where are the cell bodies located in sensory neurons

A

in the Dorsal Root ganglia, just outside
the spinal column

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28
Q

where are the cell bodies located in motor neurons

A

Cell bodies in spinal cord – Ventral Horn(lower motor neuron)
in cortex(if talking about upper motor neuron)

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29
Q

where do the inputs come from in motor neurons

A

sensory neurons and interneurons

30
Q

what is the function of interneurons

A

connect spinal motor and sensory neurons
transferring signals between sensory and motor neurons, interneurons can also communicate with each other
Vastly outnumber sensory and motor neurons

31
Q

what are the main regions of the CNS

A

Spinal Cord
Brainstem (Medulla, Pons, Midbrain)
Cerebellum
Thalamus
Cerebral hemisphere

32
Q

what is grey matter made of

A

cell bodies and unmyelinated axons

33
Q

what are the two different areas in grey matter

A

Dorsal horns - sensory neurons
Ventral Horn - motor neurons

34
Q

what is white matter made of

A

nerve fibre and tracts
Axons from ascending and descending inputs

35
Q

What makes white matter white

A

myelin associated with those axons

36
Q

what are the columns within the spinal cord

A

dorsal, lateral, anterior

37
Q

Distribution of white and grey matter depends on location within the spinal cord. True or Flase

A

True

38
Q

Higher up in the spinal cord (cervical area) is there more white or grey matter

A

white matter

39
Q

why is there not as much white matter in the lower area of the spinal cord(sacral cord)

A

because all the track’s associated with the arms they don’t go down to the sacral cord

40
Q

sacral cord contains a more relative amount of ______

A

grey matter

41
Q

cervical cord contains a more relative amount of ________

A

white matter

42
Q

What is the older/clinical term for alpha motor neuron

A

lower motor neuron

43
Q

where are alpha motor neurons located

A

in ventral horn of spinal cord

44
Q

what is the function of alpha motor neurons

A

innervate skeletal muscle and cause the muscle contractions that generate movement.

45
Q

where are the alpha motor neurons associated with the proximal muscles located

A

more medial

46
Q

where are the alpha motor neurons associated with the distal muscles located

A

more lateral

47
Q

where are the alpha motor neurons associated with the flexor muscles located

A

closer to center

48
Q

where are the alpha motor neurons associated with the axial muscles located

A

more medial than everything else

49
Q

where are the alpha motor neurons associated with the extensor muscles located

A

closer to edge

50
Q

What is the Brain stem made of

A

medulla
Pons
Midbrain

51
Q

what is the function of the medulla

A

control vital processes like your heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure

52
Q

what is the function of Pons

A

transferring information between the cerebellum and motor cortex

53
Q

what is the function of the midbrain

A

control of (reflexive) eye movements

54
Q

why is the cerebral cortex in a convoluted shape

A

this way, can fit many neurons in the same volume

55
Q

what are the names of the distinctive pattern of folds on the cerebral cortex

A

Gyri (gyrus)
Sulci (sulcus)
Fissure

56
Q

what are gryi(gyrus)

A

bumps ridges on the cerebral cortex

57
Q

what are sulci(sulcus)

A

valley between gyri

58
Q

what are fissure

A

very deep sulcus

59
Q

what are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

60
Q

what is the occipital lobe responsible for

A

vison

61
Q

what is the parietal lobe responsible for

A

Hearing, Smell, Taste, Visual Perception, Speech

62
Q

what is the temporal lobe responsible for

A

Bodily (somatic) sensation, Spatial processing

63
Q

what is the frontal lobe

A

Movement, Planning, Reasoning

64
Q

what are association areas within the cerebral cortex

A

integrate diverse information for purposeful action and are responsible for perception, movement and motivation

65
Q

what are unimodal asociation areas

A

an association area that primarily deals with information from one sense modality.

66
Q

what are multimodal association areas

A

an association area that manages information from multiple sense modalities

67
Q

within the cerebral cortex what matter is on the outside and what matter is on the inside

A

grey matter outside
white matter inside
(opposite from the spinal cord)

68
Q

within the cerebral cortex what matter is on the outside and what matter is on the inside

A

grey matter outside
white matter inside
(opposite from the spinal cord)

69
Q

What are the two subdivisions within the PNS

A

somatic
autonomic

70
Q

what is the somatic nervous system

A

allows you to move and control muscles throughout your body
feeds information from four of your senses — smell, sound, taste and touch — into your brain

71
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system

A

regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal

HH/KINE3020 A - Skilled Performance and Motor Learning (17 decks)

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