Midterm 1 - Unit 3 Lecture 2 Flashcards
what is Exteroceptive sense
Identify objects in space
Determine movement of objects
what is Visual Proprioception
Body in space
Motion of the body
where are Receptors for vision located in the eye
back of eye, on the retina
what is the Pathway for Visual Information
Ganglion cell axons exit though optic disk
Bundle together to form optic nerve
Travel to optic chiasm
Form optic tract which terminates at several locations
what is the function of Superior Colliculus
Eye and head movement
what is the function of Pretectal region
Pupillary reflex
what is the function of Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Visual Processing through V1
what is the Visual System – Central Visual Pathway
Superior Colliculus
Pretectal region
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Primary Visual Cortex
From visual cortex, information goes to different places. True or false
true
what are the Two visual systems (pathways)
Dorsal Stream (where)
Ventral stream (what)
what does the Dorsal Stream (where) process
Spatial visual cues
motion
from V1 to posterior parietal region
what does the Ventral stream (what) process
Pattern discrimination and recognition
object recognition
from V1 to temporal cortex
what is Optic ataxia(with parietal lobe damage)
problems pointing to or grasping objects, but no problems with recognition
Visual agnosia (with temporal lobe damage)
problems recognizing or naming objects, but no problems reaching and grasping objects
what is the function of the Vestibular System
Involved in the control of balance (Vestibulo-spinal)
Positioning of head and neck (Vestibulo-colic reflexes)
Controls eye muscles/reflexes (i.e. Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex)
what type of fluid fills up the Bony ‘labyrinth of the Vestibular System
perilymph fluid
(peri = around)
what type of fluid fills up the Membranous inner structure of the Vestibular System
endolymph fluid
(endo = inner)
what are the 5 sensory structures of Vestibular Apparatus
3 Semicircular Canals
2 Otolith Organs
what are the 3 semicircular canals
Anterior
Posterior
Horizontal
Hairs cells in crista ampullaris have cilia extend into gelatinous material: cupula
try to remember this
(look at image for help)
Hair cell receptors have axons projecting to brainstem (vestibular nuclei)
try to remember this
(look at image for help)
explain the steps of how Semicircular canals detect angular acceleration
Angular acceleration of the head
Endolymph fluids lags behind because of inertia
Cupula and cilia deflect
if it bends toward kinocilia you get ___________
depolarization
if it bends toward bends away from kinocilia you get __________
hyperpolariation
what are the 2 Otolith organs
Utricle
Saccule
what happens in the otolithic membrane
Hairs cells in macula have cilia extend into otolithic memebrane
what are otoconia/otoliths
Calcium crystals embedded on surface of membrane
Utricle hair cells projects _________
vertically
Saccule hair cells project __________
horizontally
Otoliths – detect linear acceleration and static orientation relative to _________
gravity
For the saccule the stereocilia are closer to
the midline and the kino cilia closer to edge
For the utricle
kino cilia closer to midline and sterocilia closer to the edge
Vestibular signals carried via
vestibulo-cochlear nerve (CN VIII) to ipsilateral vestibular nuclei
what are the 4 vestibulo-cochlear nerve
Lateral Vestibular Nucleus (LVN)
Medial Vestibular Nucleus (MVN)
Superior Vestibular Nucleus (SVN)
Inferior Vestibular Nucleus (IVN)
(not too important)
why do Eyes go opposite to head movement
your vestibular system moves your eyes in the opposite direction so that what you are looking at remains stable
