Midterm 1 - Unit 3 Lecture 2

Question 1

what is Exteroceptive sense

Answer 1

Identify objects in space
Determine movement of objects

Question 2

what is Visual Proprioception

Answer 2

Body in space
Motion of the body

Question 3

where are Receptors for vision located in the eye

Answer 3

back of eye, on the retina

Question 4

what is the Pathway for Visual Information

Answer 4

Ganglion cell axons exit though optic disk
Bundle together to form optic nerve
Travel to optic chiasm
Form optic tract which terminates at several locations

Question 5

what is the function of Superior Colliculus

Answer 5

Eye and head movement

Question 6

what is the function of Pretectal region

Answer 6

Pupillary reflex

Question 7

what is the function of Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Answer 7

Visual Processing through V1

Question 8

what is the Visual System – Central Visual Pathway

Answer 8

Superior Colliculus
Pretectal region
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Primary Visual Cortex

Question 9

From visual cortex, information goes to different places. True or false

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what are the Two visual systems (pathways)

Answer 10

Dorsal Stream (where)
Ventral stream (what)

Question 11

what does the Dorsal Stream (where) process

Answer 11

Spatial visual cues
motion
from V1 to posterior parietal region

Question 12

what does the Ventral stream (what) process

Answer 12

Pattern discrimination and recognition
object recognition
from V1 to temporal cortex

Question 13

what is Optic ataxia(with parietal lobe damage)

Answer 13

problems pointing to or grasping objects, but no problems with recognition

Question 14

Visual agnosia (with temporal lobe damage)

Answer 14

problems recognizing or naming objects, but no problems reaching and grasping objects

Question 15

what is the function of the Vestibular System

Answer 15

Involved in the control of balance (Vestibulo-spinal)
Positioning of head and neck (Vestibulo-colic reflexes)
Controls eye muscles/reflexes (i.e. Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex)

Question 16

what type of fluid fills up the Bony ‘labyrinth of the Vestibular System

Answer 16

perilymph fluid
(peri = around)

Question 17

what type of fluid fills up the Membranous inner structure of the Vestibular System

Answer 17

endolymph fluid
(endo = inner)

Question 18

what are the 5 sensory structures of Vestibular Apparatus

Answer 18

3 Semicircular Canals
2 Otolith Organs

Question 19

what are the 3 semicircular canals

Answer 19

Anterior
Posterior
Horizontal

Question 20

Hairs cells in crista ampullaris have cilia extend into gelatinous material: cupula

Answer 20

try to remember this
(look at image for help)

Question 21

Hair cell receptors have axons projecting to brainstem (vestibular nuclei)

Answer 21

try to remember this
(look at image for help)

Question 22

explain the steps of how Semicircular canals detect angular acceleration

Answer 22

Angular acceleration of the head
Endolymph fluids lags behind because of inertia
Cupula and cilia deflect

Question 23

if it bends toward kinocilia you get ___________

Answer 23

depolarization

Question 24

if it bends toward bends away from kinocilia you get __________

Answer 24

hyperpolariation

Question 25

what are the 2 Otolith organs

Answer 25

Utricle
Saccule

Question 26

what happens in the otolithic membrane

Answer 26

Hairs cells in macula have cilia extend into otolithic memebrane

Question 27

what are otoconia/otoliths

Answer 27

Calcium crystals embedded on surface of membrane

Question 28

Utricle hair cells projects _________

Answer 28

vertically

Question 29

Saccule hair cells project __________

Answer 29

horizontally

Question 30

Otoliths – detect linear acceleration and static orientation relative to _________

Answer 30

gravity

Question 31

For the saccule the stereocilia are closer to

Answer 31

the midline and the kino cilia closer to edge

Question 32

For the utricle

Answer 32

kino cilia closer to midline and sterocilia closer to the edge

Question 33

Vestibular signals carried via

Answer 33

vestibulo-cochlear nerve (CN VIII) to ipsilateral vestibular nuclei

Question 34

what are the 4 vestibulo-cochlear nerve

Answer 34

Lateral Vestibular Nucleus (LVN)
Medial Vestibular Nucleus (MVN)
Superior Vestibular Nucleus (SVN)
Inferior Vestibular Nucleus (IVN)
(not too important)

Question 35

why do Eyes go opposite to head movement

Answer 35

your vestibular system moves your eyes in the opposite direction so that what you are looking at remains stable