Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Define pharmacology

A

The study of origin, properties, and interactions with living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define pharmacognosy

A

Identification of sources of drugs from plants animals and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define pharmacogenetics

A

Study of the interrelationship of genetic differences and drug effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 phases for investigational new drug approval

A

Phase 1: drugs is investigated in small groups of healthy volunteers to * establish its activity*

Phase 2: drug is investigated as a treatment for small number of individuals with the disease

Phase 3: drug is investigated in large multicenter studies to establish efficacy and safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are orphan drugs

A

Drugs used for rare disease and work recover cost of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 6 parts to a prescription

A
  1. Patients name, address and date
  2. Rx is direction of medication
  3. Inscription( name and quantity of drug)
  4. Subscription ( when needed, directions on prepping)
  5. Sig ( information pharmacist writes as instructions to patient)
  6. Name of prescriber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are over the counter drugs ( OTC)

A

Does not need prescription but can be a hazard with self treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Drug administration vs pharmacokinetics vs pharmacodynamics

A

Drug administration: phase in which drug is available to body

Pharmacokinetics: what body does to drug

Pharmacodynamics: what drug does to body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enternal vs parenteral vs transdermal vs inhalation vs topical

A

Enternal: tablet and suppository
Parenteral : IV, IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What organ metabolizes and eliminates drugs

A

Liver metabolize
Kidney eliminates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is first pass effect

A

Drugs activity is terminated in the passage to the liver before it reaches the general circulation and rest of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is plasma half time

A

Measure of how quickly a drug is eliminated from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is L/T ratio and how to increase it

A

Amount of drug in the lung and amount that’s distributed systematically (rest of body)
It can be increased by offering education to patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is therapeutic index

A

Difference between minimal therapeutic and toxic concentration of a drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Potency

A

Small amount of drug with maximal effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Synergism

A

Two drugs act on a target organ by different mechanisms

17
Q

Additivity

A

When two drugs act ok same receptors for maximal effect

18
Q

Potentiation

A

Like synergism which one drug has no effect but can increase activity of other drug

19
Q

Idiosyncratic effect

A

Absence of effect

20
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

Rapid decrease in response to drug

21
Q

Particle sizes and location

A

Naso/ oropharyngeal : less than 10 um
Upper airways : 5-10 um
Lower respiratory tract: 2-5 um
Terminal airways: 0.8-3 um

22
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms for aerosol deposition

A

Inertial impaction
Gravitational settling
Diffusion ( brownian motion)

23
Q

What are the types of nebulizers

A

Small nebs
-Jet neb: referred to as SVN or HHN
-Mesh neb
-Ultrasonic neb
-Respirgard II: SVN fitted one way valve, contains pentamidine

Large nebs
-Heart/hope: continuous delivery, doses of 10-15 mg/hr
- Ribavirin: administered by small particle aerosol generator (SPAG)

24
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of SVN small volume nebulizer

A

Advantage
- ability to aerosol many drugs
- can aerosol more than one drug
- minimal cooperation
- effective with low inspiratory flows
- normal breathing
Disadvantages
- equipment required can be expensive
- treatment can be lengthy
- variable performance
- contamination is possible
- most be cleaned and assembled

25
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of DPIs

A

Advantages:
-small and portable
- short preparations and administration times
- no need for hand coordination
- no inspiratory hold
- no CFC propellants

Disadvantages:
- only a limited range of drugs is available
- moderate to high inspiratory flow rate needed
- relatively high oropharyngeal impaction

26
Q

What are advantages and disadvantages of pMDI

A

Advantage:
- portable light and impact
- drug delivery efficient
- treatment time short
- fine particle size available

Disadvantages
- complex

27
Q

What is included in the CNS and PNS

A

CNS
- Brain and spinal cord

PNS
- sensory neurons and somatic neurons( allow skeletal muscle response)
- autonomic neurons

28
Q

What is parasympathomimetic vs parasympatholytic

A

Parasympathomimetic is a cholinergic
Parasympatholytic is an anticholinergic

29
Q

What is sympathomimetic vs sympatholytic

A

Sympathomimetic is a adrenergic
Sympatholytic is an anti adrenergic

30
Q

What is cholinergic

A

Drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine

Pharmacology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions