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Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

There are numerous levels of organization in the body. The correct order from simplest to most complex is:

a.
Molecule, organ, tissue, cell, organism, system, organelles

b.
Molecule, organelles, cell, tissue, organ, system, organism

c.
Molecule, system, cell, organelles, organism, tissue

d.
Molecule, cell, system, tissue, organelles, organism

A

Molecule, organelles, cell, tissue, organ, system, organism

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2
Q

The sagittal plane divides the body into:

a.
Right and left

b.
Superior and inferior

c.
Anterior and Posterior

d.
Dorsal and ventral

A

right and left

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3
Q

Match the following directional terms with their definitions:

Superior:
Proximal:
Lateral:
Anterior:
Inferior:

A

above, higher than
close to
away from midline
toward the front
below, lower than

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4
Q

Which of the following procedures would count as the Secondary Disease Prevention?

a.
Balanced diet and exercises

b.
Stop smoking

c.
Receive vaccinations

d.
Visit to the primary doctor for an annual checkup

A

visit to the primary doctor for an annual check up

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5
Q

Building and maintaining effective relationships with family and friends is part of:

a.
Physical Health Dimension

b.
Social Health Dimension

c.
Environmental Health Dimension

d.
Mental Health Dimension

e.
Spiritual Health Dimension

A

social health dimension

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6
Q

The study of disease is:

a.
physiology

b.
anatomy

c.
pathology

d.
Metabolism

e.
Homeostasis

A

pathology

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7
Q

What is the lowest form of energy?

a.
Light

b.
Electrical

c.
Chemical

d.
Mechanical

e.
Heat

A

heat

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8
Q

A negative charge element or mineral is called?

a.
Anion

b.
Cation

c.
Neutral

d.
Need more information

A

anion

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9
Q

The body system that includes skin is called:

a.
Sensory

b.
Muscular

c.
Integumentary

d.
Skeletal

e.
Endocrine

A

integumentary

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10
Q

Which one of the following is Correct about Homeostasis?

a.
Homeostasis is a sum of all anabolic and catabolic reactions

b.
Homeostasis is maintained by hormones only

c.
Homeostasis means balance of all functions in the organism (Keeping the internal balance of the body)

d.
Homeostasis is maintained by Nervous System only

A

Homeostasis means balance of all functions in the organism (keeping the internal balance of the body)

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11
Q

Which of the following is an organic compound?

a.
H2O

b.
CO2

c.
N2

d.
O2

e.
CH3OH

A

CH3OH

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12
Q

Match the following monomers with their polymers:

Starch
Protein
Lipid

A

Glucose
Amino Acid
Fatty Acids

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13
Q

Match these organs with the Quadrants of the Abdomen, where they belong:

Liver
Spleen
Appendix
Sigmoid colon

A

LUQ
RUQ
RLQ
LLQ

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14
Q

Which one of the following is NOT correct about chemical bonds?

a.
Ionic bond is when one atom donates electrons and the other accepts them

b.
Covalent bond is stronger than ionic bond

c.
Covalent bond is when atoms share electrons

d.
Hydrogen bond is a type of covalent bond

A

Hydrogen bond is a type of covalent bond

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15
Q

When two oxygen atoms form a bond with each other, they form:

a.
a molecule

b.
a compound

c.
a mixture

d.
an ion

A

a molecule

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16
Q

a.
C, H, O, N, S, P

b.
C, Na, H, S, O, P

c.
C, H, O, K, N, S

d.
C, O, H, S, N, B

A

C, H, O, N, S, P

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17
Q

Which of the following does NOT belong in the abdominal cavity?

a.
kidneys

b.
gall bladder

c.
pancreas

d.
mediastinum

e.
spleen

A

Mediastinum

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18
Q

The Brain is contained inside?

a.
Spinal cavity

b.
Ventral cavity

c.
Dorsal cavity

A

dorsal cavity

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19
Q

Match the following Regions of the Abdomen with their locations:

(center of abdomen, lateral to hypogastric, lateral to umbilical, lateral to epigastric, above umbilical )

Umbilical
hypochondriac
Epigastric
Lumbar
Iliac

A

center of the abdomen

lateral of epigastric

above the umbilical

lateral to umbilical

lateral to hypogastric

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20
Q

Match the following tissues with the Connective Tissue type

Soft, Hard, Liquid, Fibrous

Blood
Adipose Tissue
Tendons
Cartilage

A

liquid CT
Soft CT
Fibrous CT
Hard CT

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21
Q

Match the following levels of protein structure with their description:
(primary,secondary, tertiary, quaternary)

Amino Acid Sequence

Alpha helix and Beta Sheet

3-Dimensional globulin

Active functional protein

A

primary

secondary

tertiary

quaternary

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22
Q

The covalent bond that holds amino acids together in a protein is called:

a.
hydrogen bond

b.
peptide bond

c.
Acid bond

A

peptide bond

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23
Q

The function of a protein depends on:

a.
its linear sequence of aminoacids - Primary protein

b.
Its fold of the Secondary protein

c.
its amino acid sequence

d.
its shape and its Quaternary structure

A

its shape and its quaternary structure

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24
Q

The following is an example of a non-digestible polysaccharide:

a.
Amylose

b.
Cellulose

c.
Lactose

d.
Galactose

e.
Fructose

A

cellulose

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25
Q

Which of the following is NOT Epithelial Tissue ?

a.
Pleura

b.
Salivary glands

c.
Ligaments, Tendons

d.
Mammary Gland

A

ligaments, tendons

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26
Q

The cells of nervous tissue that protect and support Neurons are called:

a. Glial cells

b. Stratified squamous

c. Simple columnar

d. Goblet cells

e. Exocrine

A

glial cells

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27
Q

The Alpha helixes and Beta pleated sheets describes:

a. Primary Protein

b. Secondary Protein

c. Tertiary Protein

d.Quaternary Protein

A

secondary protein

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28
Q

Match the following types of muscle tissue with their characteristics:
(smooth, cardiac,skeletal)
Consciously controlled, striped, multiple nuclei

Contains intercalated disks, branched cells

involunatry muscle, non-striated, single nucleus, found in internal organs

A

skeletal

cardiac

smooth

29
Q

glycogen is

a.Polysaccharide

b.Disaccharide

c.Monosaccharides

d.Fat

A

polysaccharide

30
Q

If ATP works like a rechargeable battery, then when the battery is discharged, it becomes:

a. ADP

b. AMP

c. Phosphate groups

d. Adenosine

31
Q

When ATP is used for energy to fuel body functions, it gets recharged, using the energy of:

a. Oxygen

b. Sun

c. Food

d. Movement

32
Q

Infectious disease acquired at clinical institutions are called:

a. Epidemic

b. Iatrogenic

c. Nosocomial

d. Idiopathic

A

nosocomial

33
Q

What is the structure of DNA often described as?

a. Double stranded helix

b. Single stranded helix

c. Triple stranded helix

d. Quadruple stranded helix

A

double stranded helix

34
Q

The process of converting the mRNA sequence to a polypeptide is called

a. activation

b. transcription

c. translation

d. copying

A

translation

35
Q

The entire DNA library is divided into sections, contained inside the cell’s nucleus. These sections are called:

a. RNA

b. Chromosomes

c. Double helixes

A

chromosomes

36
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about ATP?

a. it’s made of DNA

b. ATP is an abbreviation for Adenosine Triphosphate.

c. it contains an Adenine molecule

d. the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups is a high-energy bond

A

its made of DNA

37
Q

The bases of RNA include these, except:

a. Adenine

b. Guanine

c. Cytosine

d. Thymine

38
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about a messenger RNA?

a. it’s a copy of genetic material

b. RNA contains thymine

c.it leaves the nucleus

d. it gets translated into a primary protein structure

A

RNA contains thymine

39
Q

Patient was prescribed a medication, which caused him to experience nausea. His nausea is considered

a. Idiopathic

b. Iatrogenic

c. Psychosomatic

d. Nosocomial

e. Morbid

A

iatrogenic

40
Q

The reaction of converting liquid oils into solid fats by forcing Hydrogen atoms onto a C=C double bond, resulting in production of trans fats, is called :

a.Oxidation

b.Oxygenation

c.Hydration

d. Dehydration

e. Hydrogenation

A

hydrogenation

41
Q

Which of the following contains saturated fats?

a. Olive oil

b. Sesame seeds

c. Peanuts

d. coconuts

42
Q

Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of anti-oxidants?

a.Oranges

b. tomatoes

c. iceberg lettuce

d. Blackberries

e. Carrots

A

Iceberg lettuce

43
Q

Which of the following is a source of Trans fats?

a. Beef

b. Coconuts

c. Seafood

d. Peanut butter

e. Margarine

44
Q

Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes work as :

a.Hormones

b.Vitamins

c.Local messengers

d.structural molecules

A

Local messengers

45
Q

Match the following Major Blood Vessels with the direction of blood flow in and out of the heart:
(vena cavae, aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein)

Carries deoxygenated blood from all organ systems into the Right Atrium

Carries oxygenated blood from the Left Ventricle to all the organ systems

Carries deoxygenated blood away from the Right Ventricle

Carries re-oxygenated blood to the Left Atrium

A

vena cavae

aorta

pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

46
Q

Match the following Anatomical Structures of the Heart with their descriptions:

(pericardium, aortic, pulmonary valve, mitral)

Membrane that surrounds the heart

Valve that serves as the exit from the Right Ventricle

Heart Valve that separates Left Atrium from Left Ventricle

Valve that serves as the exit from the Left Ventricle

A

pericardium

pulmonary valve

mitral

aortic

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of Cholesterol in the body?

a.Precursor to Vitamin D

b.Energy metabolism

c.Structural molecule

d.Production of Bile salts

A

Energy metabolism

48
Q

Which chamber of the heart is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

a.Right Ventricle

b.Left Ventricle

c.Right Atrium

d.Left Atrium

A

Right atrium

49
Q

Which of the following does NOT contain cholesterol?

a.Peanut Butter

b.Milk

c.Beef

d.Lard

e.Chicken

A

peanut butter

50
Q

Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain are performed by this cell organelle:

a.Cytoplasmic membrane

b.Cytoplasm

c.Mitochondria

d.Endoplasmic Reticulum

e.Ribosome

A

Mitochondria

51
Q

The sphincter that controls the rate of chyme passing from the stomach into the duodenum is called:

a.Epiglottis

b.Esophageal

c.Cardiac

d.Pyloric

e.Gastric

52
Q

When glucose is metabolized aerobically, it is utilized completely to turn into:

a.Alcohol

b.Carbon dioxide and water

c.Lactic acid

d.Carbon monoxide

A

carbon dioxide and water

53
Q

In the absence of oxygen, glucose can be used anaerobically to yield per each glucose molecule

a.2 ATP’s

b.4 ATP’s

c.28 ATP’s

d.38 ATP’s

e.17 ATP’s

54
Q

Most electrolytes and water are absorbed in this part of the intestine:

a.stomach

b.duodenum

c.Jejunum

d.Ileum

e.Colon

55
Q

Which one is NOT one of the three steps in Cellular Aerobic Respiration?

a.Krebs cycle

b.Glycolysis

c.Fermentation

d.Electron Transport Chain

A

fermentation

56
Q

Aerobic respiration of 1 glucose molecule can yield up to:

a.2 ATP’s

b.4 ATP’s

c.28 ATP’s

d.38 (36) ATP’s

A

38 ATP’s

57
Q

Pancreas is an important accessory digestive organ necessary for Nutrient Processing. Which of the following is NOT produced by the Pancreas?

a. Amylase

b.Lipase

c.Protease

d.Insulin

e.Bile

58
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

a.storing the bolus

b.secreting Intrinsic Factor, Hydrochloric acid

c.vitamin and mineral absorption

d.churning the food and turning it into Chyme

A

Vitamin and mineral absorption

59
Q

Which of the following organs of the digestive system is NOT a part of the Gastrointestinal tract, but serves as an Accessory Digestive organ?

a.Duodenum

b.Esophagus

c.Jejunum

d.Liver

e.Ileum

60
Q

Which one of the following is Incorrect about glycogen?

a.You can store maximum 10 lb of glycogen

b.When glycogen stores are filled to capacity, the excess glucose will be turned into fat

c.Glycogen is meant to be used as an emergency source of carbohydrate in case of fasting

d.When fasting, glycogen is used first

A

You can store maximum 10 lb of glycogen

61
Q

The neurons that carry action potential toward the brain are called:

a.Sensory (Afferent)

b.Efferent

c.Motor

d.Interneurons

e.Somatic

A

Sensory (Afferent)

62
Q

Match the steps of the Reflex Arc with the events:

Interneurons

Sensory Neuron

Signal is carried by sensory neurons toward the CNS (spinal cord)

Motor Neurons (efferent neuron)

A
  1. Sensory Neuron
  2. signal carried by sensory Neurons
  3. Interneurons
  4. motor neurons
63
Q

Which of the following is one of the effects of the Parasympathetic NS Subdivision?

a.Pupils dilate

b.Bronchi dilate

c. Gall Bladder contracts

d.Heart Rate increases

A

Gall bladder contracts

64
Q

Skeletal Muscle contraction is stimulated by:

a.Somatic Neurons

b.Autonomic neurons

c.Sympathetic neurons

d.Parasympathetic neurons

e.Afferent neurons

A

Somatic Neurons

65
Q

The Peripheral nervous System division is Somatic (Voluntary) and Autonomic (Involuntary)

True or False

66
Q

After glycogen stores are built to their maximum, excess glucose is converted into:

a.ATPs

b.Lactic Acid

c.Fats

d.Proteins

67
Q

Which of the following parts of the Neuron receives the impulses from preceding neurons?

a.Axon

b.Axon terminals

c.Soma

d.Dendrites

e.Myelin

68
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about metabolism of starvation?

a.Glycogen gets used first

b.First week of fasting yields 10 pounds of fat loss

c.Brain requires glucose for energy

A

First week of fasting yields 10 pounds of fat loss

69
Q

Complete this sentence: Leptin is a hormone produced…

a.by the brain to burn fat

b.by fat cells and it helps regulate the energy balance by stimulating hunger

c.by fat cells and it helps regulate the energy balance by suppressing hunger

d.by fat tissue to stimulate hunger perception by the brain

A

By fat cells and it helps regulate the energy by suppressing hunger

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