Lecture 1 Flashcards
Unicellular organism
single cell (bacteria, yeast)
Multi-Cellular
More than one cell
Structure of Multicellular Cell
- Molecules
- Organelles
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Systems
- Organism
Mucosa
Lining of internal organs
Function of Integumentary System
Regulate body temperature
Why are bones white
Because they produce a lot of calcium
Integumentary System
Skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands
System
Group of elements forming a common complex whole functional unit
Skeletal System
Bones, joints, and ligaments (provides support to protect internal organs)
The 7 Body Systems
-Molecules
-Organelles
-Cells
-Tissues
-Organs
-Systems
-Body
Muscular System
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscles
Function of Muscular System
Movement and posture wall of GI tract vessels and myocardium (muscle of the heart)
Nervous System
Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) and the Peripheral Nervous System
Function of the Nervous System
Transmits and processes information from the sensory organs to send information to effector organs (muscles and glands)
Endocrine System
Composed of endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid) to produce hormones
Function of Endocrine System
Helps regulate homeostasis
Homeostasis
body keeps internal balance
Cardiovascular System
Compose by the heart and blood vessels
Function of Cardiovascular System
Dispute carbon dioxide and nutrients to all areas of the body
Lymphatic System
Composed by lymph vessels and lymph tissue
Function of Lymphatic System
Drain of excess interstitial fluid and return it into blood and to provide to your body’s immune defense
Respiratory System
Components nasal passages, pharynx, trachea, lungs, and bronchial tubes
Function of Respiratory System
Mainly gas exchange
Digestive System
Composed of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract
Function of Digestive System
Mechanically and chemically break down food and absorb nutrients and eliminate waste
Mechanical
digestion (chewing)
Chemically
further breaking apart (enzymes)
Urinary System
Composed of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
Function of Urinary System
Filtering and cleansing the blood of metabolic waste, excess nutrients and water
Reproductive System
Composed of internal and external genitalia and gonads
Function of Reproductive System
Produce a viable offspring for the. continuation of the species
Order of Structure of body
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
Anatomical position
standard position of the body (facing directly forward with palms facing forward) forming perfect square or perfect circle
Superior, super-, supra-
above, higher than (upper half of the body )
inferior, infra-
below, lower than (bottom half of the body)
Anterior, ante-
In front, before (front half of the body)
Posterior, post-
Behind, after, toward the back (back half of the body)
Vental
towards the belly
Dorsal
opposite of ventral ( towards the spine)
Medial
Towards the middle (center)
Lateral
towards either side right or left
Proximal
anything that is closer to the heart
Distal
farther away from the heart
Sagittal plane
Divides body in half into right and left
Transverse
divides body in half horizontally
6 Basics of Health Dimensions
-physical
-mental
-emotional
-spiritual
-social
-environmental
3 types of disease preventions
- Primary Disease Prevention (prevention)
- Secondary Disease Prevention (modification)
- Tertiary Disease Prevention (After)
Difference between nervous and endocrine system
nervous system knows the problem and endocrine system resolves the problems
Metabolism
how the body produces more energy
anabolic reaction
chemical reaction where larger molecules are built from smaller ones (building up)
catabolic reaction
chemical reaction where larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones (breaking down)
Pathology
study of a disease
