lecture 6 Flashcards
Prokaryotes
no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes
organisms whose cells contain a nucleus
Prokaryotes characteristics
-do not have a nucleus
-DNA floating in cytoplasm
-much smaller
-ancient
more primitive
cytoplasmic membrane
composed of a PL bilayer and membrane proteins
function is to separate the inside of the cell from the outside controlling the passing of molecules in and out of the cell
Nucleus
contains the DNA (the chromosomes)
Nucleolus
produces ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
traps the RNA as it leaves the nucleus and serves as the meeting place between the RNA and ribosomes
ribosomes
translate the RNA sequence into an AA sequence to complete 1 ry protein structure
golgi apparatus
activates new proteins
centrioles
2 structure that conduct cell division
mitochondria
produce most of the cell’s ATP’s in the presence of oxygen
lysosomes
bubbles filled with digestive enzymes that break down large particles
Vacuole
a container organelle
Not true about prokaryotes
they are more anatomically complex than eukaryotes
which of the following is considered a prokaryote
bacteria
what do bacterial cells have that animal cells lack
cell wall
surface proteins
identification of the cell, to be recognized by other cells
gates or channels
allow molecules to move in and out of the cell
receptors
when activated by the attachment of a hormone or any other messenger molecule they initiate a reaction inside the cell
membrane transport
molecules will pass through the cell membrane through
-passive transport
-active transport
passive transport
no effort required, no ATP’s consumed but involves tiny molecules migrating in or out of the cell by squeezing between the phospholipids of the cell membrane
cytoplasmic membrane is composed of :
phospholipids and proteins
cross membrane tansport requires ATP’s to be spent
Phagocytosis
when molecules can spontaneously move across cell membrane
passive transport
hypertonic
second solution has a HIGHER concentration than the reference solution
hypotonic
second solution has a LOWER concentration than the reference solution
isotonic
a solution has the SAME concentration as the reference solution
simple diffusion
movement of particles across cellular membrane down the concentration gradient until equal equilibrium
Facilitated Diffusion
Transport of substance across a biological membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis
diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane from a solution wit low salute concentration to a solution with higher solute concentration of fluid on both sides.
oxygen moves from lung alveoli into blood by :
simple diffusion
glucose moves from blood into cells by
facilitated diffusion
water molecules move towards :
hypertonic solution
The passive movement of water molecules is called :
osmosis
active transport
in order to move molecules across the cell membrane the cell has to use some energy to do it
what is not true about the protein pump
it happens spontaneously
Similarity between protein pump and facilitated diffusion
both require require molecules passing through membrane protein
respiratory system
known as the pulmonary system with organs involved in the intake and exchange of O2 and CO2
main function of the respiratory system
gas exchange
ventilation
the inflation and deflation that move the air in and out of the lungs
nasal and oral cavity
where air can be brought in and out of the upper respiratory tract
pharynx
the back of the throat
epiglottis
the thin small elastic cartilaginous structure that folds to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea when swallowing
pneumothorax
fluids or air accumulate in the pleural space
atelectasia
the collapsed lung or a part of a lung
