Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are nutrients used for ?
for metabolism and the production of energy
What are the 6 nutrients ?
1.Carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. proteins
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water
What is ATP ?
the source of energy your body produces from food
Macronutrients
nutrients the body needs in bigger amounts like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins (used for energy measured in calories)
Micronutrients
nutrients the body needs in smaller amounts like vitamins and minerals ( regulates the metabolism )
classification for carbohydrates
Simple :
monosaccharides
disaccharides
oligosaccharides
Complex:
polysaccharides
What is added to a monosaccharide to create a disaccharide ?
glucose
what do monosaccharides consist of ?
Glucose
Fructose
galactose
ribose
what do disaccharides consist of ?
sucrose
maltose
lactose
what do polysaccharides consist of ?
starch
cellulose
amylopectine
glycogen
amylose
where is glycogen stored ?
in the liver and muscles
hydrolysis
molecules breakup into glucose
where is ribose found ?
in DNA
where is fructose found ?
in fruits
where is galactose found ?
in milk
where is glucose found ?
sweet wine
What is starch composed of and how is it broken down ?
composed of amylose and amylopectin and are broken down by our intestines
Can cellulose be broken down ?
it cannot be digested by humans
Pathway of cellulose
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
good bacteria
how many units are in a monosaccharides ?
single units
How many units are in a disaccharides ?
two units
how many units are in a polysaccharides
many units
dehydration
the removal of a water molecule to form a new covalent bond
hydrolysis
reversed dehydration, so instead of removing water molecules, water molecules need to be added