Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are nutrients used for ?

A

for metabolism and the production of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 6 nutrients ?

A

1.Carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. proteins
4. vitamins
5. minerals
6. water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is ATP ?

A

the source of energy your body produces from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Macronutrients

A

nutrients the body needs in bigger amounts like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins (used for energy measured in calories)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Micronutrients

A

nutrients the body needs in smaller amounts like vitamins and minerals ( regulates the metabolism )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

classification for carbohydrates

A

Simple :
monosaccharides
disaccharides
oligosaccharides

Complex:
polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is added to a monosaccharide to create a disaccharide ?

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do monosaccharides consist of ?

A

Glucose
Fructose
galactose
ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do disaccharides consist of ?

A

sucrose
maltose
lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what do polysaccharides consist of ?

A

starch
cellulose
amylopectine
glycogen
amylose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is glycogen stored ?

A

in the liver and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hydrolysis

A

molecules breakup into glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where is ribose found ?

A

in DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is fructose found ?

A

in fruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is galactose found ?

A

in milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is glucose found ?

A

sweet wine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is starch composed of and how is it broken down ?

A

composed of amylose and amylopectin and are broken down by our intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Can cellulose be broken down ?

A

it cannot be digested by humans

19
Q

Pathway of cellulose

A

stomach
small intestine
large intestine
good bacteria

20
Q

how many units are in a monosaccharides ?

A

single units

21
Q

How many units are in a disaccharides ?

22
Q

how many units are in a polysaccharides

A

many units

23
Q

dehydration

A

the removal of a water molecule to form a new covalent bond

24
Q

hydrolysis

A

reversed dehydration, so instead of removing water molecules, water molecules need to be added

25
which of the following is a non-digestible polysaccharide ? - glucose -sucrose - starch -cellulose -lactose
26
monomers are put together into polymeric chains by reaction of : -hydrolysis -dehydration -hydration -hydrogenation
27
What are proteins
consist of amino acids formed by peptide bonds
28
peptide bonds
also known an amino bond formed between 2 amino acids (bond is. a. dehydration reaction)
29
3 Peptide Classification
1. Dipeptide 2. Oligopeptide 3. Polypeptide
30
dipeptide
2 amino acids
31
oligopeptide
up to 20 amino acids
32
polypeptide
over 20 amino acids
33
Primary functions of a protein
-building tissue -repairing tissue -formation of enzymes -fluid balance
34
protein receptors
messenger molecules that start cell changes
35
protein enzymes
proteins that speed up chemical reactions
36
specific-shapped molecule
it will either fit with another molecule meaning reaction goes forward, if it doesn't then nothing happens function and job of each protein depends on its 3-D shape
37
primary level of protein structure
structure dictates the function of the protein
38
secondary level of protein structure
polypeptide chains are folded into either alpha helix or a beta
39
tertiary level of protein structure
3-D configuration of the polypeptide corresponding to a specific protein giving it a basic function
39
quaternary level of protein structure
protein is not always functional having a tertiary structure to be functional many proteins need to be activated before they carry out their role in an organism
39
Histology
study of tissues
39
epithelium
composed of one or more layers of cells classified by cell shape and arrangement.
40
classification of tissues
1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. nervous
41