Lecture 2 Flashcards
Why are atoms never in their neutral form?
They always have to either give up or gain electrons in order “to be happy”
Inert elements
elements with complete outer shells ( no need to donate or receive electrons to complete shell)
Valency
The number of electrons an atom wants to gain or lose (not positive or negative just a neutral number)
Molecule
simplest unit of chemical compound made up of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
compound molecule
Made up of 2 or more different atoms
chemical bond
mutual attraction between 2 atoms
Ionic Bond
chemical links between. two atoms bound together by the attraction between oppositely-charged ions (not a very strong bond)
Ion
An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons
What kind of marriage is an ionic bond like ?
Marriage for money because electrons are being given or received
What happens when ionic bond in water?
atoms would quickly separate from each other
Covalent bond
chemical link between two atoms where electrons are shared between them
What kind of marriage would a covalent bond be like ?
Marriage for love because a covalent bond is a stronger bond where atoms share electrons on their outermost orbit
What happens when 2 atoms form a molecular bond?
it’s like 2 people forming a couple and interacting with other couples
hydrophilic
water-loving
hydrophobic
hate water
Polar Molecule
Any covalent or ionic bond that has an uneven distribution of charge
Is hydrophilic polar or non-polar
since they dissolve in water they are polar
Non-polar Molecule
A molecule with no charge at all, completely neutral
Biochemistry
Study of substances and its reactions occurring in a living organism
Organic molecules
molecules that have at least 1 C in the center, surrounded by at least 1 H atom
Inorganic Molecule
Everything else
6 most common elements in Biochemistry
C, H, O, N, S, P
Monomer
Molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer (Mono~one, and mer~ measure or unit)
Polymer
A compound made up of several repeating units aka monomers (Poly=many, + mer =units)
anabolism
building reactions in metabolism
catabolism
breaking down polymers back into monomers
Metabolism
chemical process by which cells produce the substances and energy needed to sustain life
What polymer corresponds with a nucleotide ?
DNA and RNA
What polymer corresponds with an Amino Acid. ?
protein
What polymer corresponds with glucose ?
Cellulose
What polymer corresponds with fatty acid ?
triglyceride
Body Cavities
large spaces inside the. body containing organs
Dorsal
towards the spine
Ventral
towards the belly
What does the dorsal body cavity include ?
- Cranial cavity
- Spinal cavity (vertebral canal)
What does the ventral cavity include ?
- Thoracic cavity
- Abdominal cavity
Cranial cavity
the space inside the skull that contains the brain
Spinal Cavity
Tunnel inside the vertebral column that contains the spinal cord
Thoracic Cavity
the space in the trunk of the body from the top, down to the diaphragm
Pericardial cavity
Sac that encloses the heart ( peri~ around, card~ heart)
Pleural cavity
cavity compromised of a membrane that encloses the lungs
Mediastinum
Cavity that contains organs and vessels in the space between the lungs, like the esophagus
Abdominal
cavity within the abdomen, space between the abdominal wall and the spine
Peritoneum
membrane that encloses the stomach, parts of the intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen
What doesn’t belong in the abdominal cavity?
-stomach
-kidney
-pancreas
-mediastinum
-liver
mediastinum
What does the pleural cavity contain ?
-organs of the chest
-aorta
-pleura
-lungs
-mediastinum
lungs
what is the brain contained inside of ?
- spinal cavity
-ventral cavity
-dorsal cavity
dorsal cavity
Pelvic cavity contains these organs except :
-rectum
-urinary bladder
-reproductive organs
-kidneys
kidneys
