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Anatomy > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

thin filaments

A

actin

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2
Q

fat

A

adipose tissue

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3
Q

the study of the form of body parts and how they are organized

A

anatomy

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4
Q

towards the front

A

anterior

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5
Q

towards the back

A

posterior

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6
Q

includes upper and lower limbs

A

appendicular

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7
Q

1st vertebrae that supports the head

A

atlas

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8
Q

2nd vertebrae that allows the head to turn

A

axis

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9
Q

includes the head, neck, and trunk

A

axial

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10
Q

the connected surface is anchored to the connective tissue by a thin non-cellular layer

A

basement membrane

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11
Q

cartilage cells

A

chondrocyte

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12
Q

ridges on the brain

A

convolutions

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13
Q

thick inner layer of skin

A

dermis

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14
Q

responsive structures outside of the nervous system

A

effector

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15
Q

thin outer layer of skin

A

epidermis

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16
Q

a hole that nerves and blood vessels pass through

A

foramen

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17
Q

prevents blood clotting

A

heparin

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18
Q

waterproof protein

A

keratin

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19
Q

towards the right or left

A

lateral

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20
Q

close to the center line of the body that divides the body into right and left

A

medial

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21
Q

strap of dense connective tissue that connects a bone to other bones

A

ligament

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22
Q

the growing region at the base of a nail

A

lunula

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23
Q

dark pigment in the deeper layers of the epidermis that absorbs light energy

A

melanin

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24
Q

membranes located between the bone and soft tissues of the nervous system

A

meninges

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25
Q

the chemical and physical changes occurring within an organism

A

metabolism

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26
Q

thick filaments

A

myosin

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27
Q

electrochemical change around a nerve

A

nerve impulse

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28
Q

nerve cell

A

neuron

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29
Q

biochemical released by an axon of a neuron

A

neurotransmitter

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30
Q

stimulation of responses in the opposite direction to return an organism to its normal state

A

negative feedback

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31
Q

bone forming cells

A

osteoblasts

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32
Q

multinucleated cells that destroy blood cells

A

osteoclasts

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33
Q

when the matrix completely covers the osteoblasts

A

osteocytes

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34
Q

bone disease that develops when the quality / structure of a bone changes, or when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases

A

osteoporosis

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35
Q

study of the function of body parts

A

physiology

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36
Q

closer to the trunk or point of attachment

A

proximal

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37
Q

further from the trunk or point of attachment

A

distal

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38
Q

automatic responses to stimuli within or outside the body

A

reflex

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39
Q

basic subunit of skeletal muscle contraction

A

sarcomere

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40
Q

neurological cells that wrap tightly around the axon of a neuron

A

schwann cell

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41
Q

above another part of the body

A

superior

42
Q

below another part of the body

A

inferior

43
Q

immovable joint found in the flat bones of the skull

A

suture

44
Q

the junction between 2 communicating neurons

A

synapse

45
Q

strap of dense connective tissue that connects a skeletal muscle to a bone

A

tendon

46
Q

rapid contraction and relaxation of a muscle

A

twitch

47
Q

interconnected cavities in the cerebrum and brainstem

A

ventricles

48
Q

1st level of orginazation

A

atom

49
Q

2nd level of organization

A

molecule

50
Q

3rd level of organization

A

macromolecule

51
Q

4th level of organizaton

A

organelle

52
Q

5th level of organization

A

cell

53
Q

6th level of organization

A

tissue

54
Q

7th level of organization

A

organ

55
Q

8th level of organization

A

organ system

56
Q

9th level of organization

A

organism

57
Q

5 environmental requirements of life

A

water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure

58
Q

the cut that divides the body into the top and bottom

A

transverse

59
Q

the cut that divides the body into the front and back

A

coronal

60
Q

the cut that divides the body into the right and left

A

sagittal

61
Q

maintaining a stable internal environment

A

homeostasis

62
Q

define tissue

A

groups of cells that have the same structural and functional roles

63
Q

covers all body tissues, lines body cavities, and lines hollow organs; has 1 free surface and 1 connected surface; no blood vessels

A

epithelial tissue

64
Q

binds tissues, provides support / protection, serves as framework, fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood cells, protects against infection, and helps repair tissue damage; is sometimes rigid and flexible

A

connective tissue

65
Q

elongated fibers that can shorten or contract

A

muscle tissue

66
Q

allows communication; found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves

A

nervous tissue

67
Q

why does it take cartilage so long to heal

A

there’s no direct blood flow

68
Q

line body cavities that lack openings to the outside

A

serous membrane

69
Q

line cavities and tubes that open to the outside

A

mucous membrane

70
Q

inner lining of the joint cavities

A

synovial membrane

71
Q

skin

A

cutaneous membrane

72
Q

binds the skin to underlying organs

A

hypodermis

73
Q
  1. regulating body temperature
  2. slowing water loss
  3. housing sensory receptors
  4. synthesizing biochemicals
  5. excreting some waste

This is how the skin maintains ___________.

A

homeostasis

74
Q

what do blood vessels do if the body is too warm

A

they cool it back down to regulate the body temperature

75
Q

what is the normal body temperature

A

98 degrees Fahrenheit and 37 degrees celcius

76
Q

what is the main concern for 3rd degree burns

A

infection

77
Q

the marrow that forms red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

A

red marrow

78
Q

the marrow that stores fat

A

yellow marrow

79
Q

the 4 functions of bone

A
  1. support and protection
  2. body movement
  3. blood cell formation
  4. storage of inorganic salts
80
Q

degree of ossification that occurs in the region of bone formation on the diaphysis

A

1st degree ossification

81
Q

degree of ossification that occurs in the region of bone formation on the epiphysis

A

2nd degree ossification

82
Q

the amount of vertebrae the cervical region has

A

7

83
Q

the amount of vertebrae the thoracic region has

A

12

84
Q

the amount of vertebrae the lumbar region has

A

5

85
Q

the joint found in your hip

A

ball and socket

86
Q

what gives muscle its striated appearance

A

the alternating pattern of actin and myosin

87
Q

threshold stimulus

A

the minimum strength of a nerve impulse that will allow a muscle to contract

88
Q

all or none response

A

the muscle either contracts or it doesn’t contract (it can’t contract harder or lighter)

89
Q

attaches to the bone, striated, under conscious control

A

skeletal muscle

90
Q

in the walls of hollow organs, no striations, and no conscious control

A

smooth muscle

91
Q

in the heart, striated, and no conscious control

A

cardiac muscle

92
Q

send impulses from the body parts to the brain / spinal cord

A

sensory neurons

93
Q

direct sensory impulses to be processed and interpreted

A

interneurons

94
Q

send impulses out of the brain / spinal cord to effectors

A

motor neurons

95
Q

what is the purpose of the withdrawal reflex

A

to minimize damage to the body

96
Q

nerves at rest

A

polarized

97
Q

nerve impulse

A

depolarized

98
Q

nerves at rest again

A

repolarized

99
Q

stays polarized (+ outside, - inside)

A

action potential

100
Q

electrochemical change around the nerve that causes the nerve impulse (- outside, + inside)

A

resting potential

101
Q

what makes up the central nervous system

A

the brain and spinal cord

Anatomy (41 decks)

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