Endocrine System Flashcards
how are the nervous system and endocrine system similar
they both transmit messages
a biochemical that a cell secretes to affect the functions of another cell to help regulate metabolism
hormone
lipid soluble, synthesized from cholesterol, directs protein synthesis, and their receptors are in the nucleus of the target cell
steroid hormone
act as 1st messenger, can’t pass through cell membrane, their receptors are in the cell membrane of the target cell, and an example is proteins
nonsteroid hormone
a cell that is acted on selectively by a specific agent
target cell
the 2 parts of the pituitary gland
anterior and posterior
what secretes insulin
the beta cells of the pancreas
patterns of repeated activity associated with the environmental cycles of day and night
circadian rhythms
what part of the brain responds to stress
hypothalamus
beta cells are destroyed which causes low levels of insulin in the blood, mainly happens in adolescence, mostly genetic, and is less common than Type 2
type 1 diabetes
target cells are resistant to insulin which causes elevated levels of insulin, mostly happens to adults who aren’t living a healthy lifestyle, controlled with hypoglycemic drugs, and is very common in the US
type 2 diabetes
what is the overall function of the endocrine system
it secretes hormones directly into the body fluids so it allows for communication over long distances in the body
what are 3 ways hormones are controlled
the hypothalamus controls the glands to release their hormones, the nervous system stimulates glands, and glands respond directly to changes in the environment
extreme cold/heat, decrease in oxygen, infections, injuries, prolonged heavy exercise or loud sounds
physical stress
thoughts about dangers, personal losses, unpleasant social interactions, or feelings of anger, fear, grief, anxiety, depression, and guilt
psychological stress
