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[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) > MIDTERM 03 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

MIDTERM 03 - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Is a bone that is dense and looks smooth; homogeneous

A

Compact bone

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2
Q

Small needle-like pieces of bone; many open spaces

A

Spongy bone

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3
Q

Consists of a layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two thin layers of compact bone

A

Flat bones

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4
Q

Are typically longer than they are wide

A

Long bones

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5
Q

Are generally cube shaped or they are as wide as they are long

A

Short bones

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6
Q

Are a type of short bone which form within tendons; shaped like a sesame seed

A

Sesamoid bones

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7
Q

Thin, flattened, and usually curved or are expanded into broad

A

Flat bones

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8
Q

Are bones that have an irregular shape; do not fit into other bone classification categories

A

Irregular bones

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8
Q

Makes up most of the long bone’s length

A

Diaphysis (shaft)

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9
Q

In a long bone, it is composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by a thick layer of compact bone

A

Epiphysis (ends)

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10
Q

Remnant of the epiphyseal plate present in a long bone

A

Epiphyseal line

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11
Q

Flat plate of hyaline cartilage seen in young, growing long bone

A

Epiphyseal plate

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12
Q

Covers the external surface of the epiphyses in a long bone

A

Articular cartilage

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13
Q

Outside covering of the diaphysis in the long bone

A

Periosteum

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14
Q

Lines the inner surface of the shaft of a long bone

A

Endosteum

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15
Q

Cavity inside the shaft of a long bone that contains yellow marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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16
Q

Sites of attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

A

Bone markings

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17
Q

Are bone markings that grow out from the bone surface

A

Projections/processes

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18
Q

Are bone markings that are indentations

A

Depressions/cavities

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19
Q

Mature bone cells situated in the bone matrix

A

Osteocytes

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20
Q

Cavities in the bone matrix that house osteocytes

A

Lacunae

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21
Q

Concentric circles of lacunae situated around the central canal

A

Lamellae

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22
Q

Opening in the center of an osteon

A

Central (Haversian) canal

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23
Q

A unit of bone containing central canal and matrix rings

A

Osteon

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24
Q

Tiny canals that radiate from the central canal to lacunae

A

Canaliculi

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25
Q

Canal perpendicular to the central canal; carries blood vessels and nerves

A

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canal

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26
Q

Forms the longitudinal axis of the body

A

Axial skeleton

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27
Q

Are fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones; known as “soft spots”

A

Fontanels

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28
Q

The only bone that does not articulate with another bone

A

Hyoid bone

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29
Q

Provides axial support and extends from the skull to the pelvis

A

Vertebral column

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30
Q

Protects organs of the thoracic cavity

A

Bony thorax/thoracic cage

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31
Q

Composed of 126 bones; includes limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle

A

Appendicular skeleton

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32
Q

Other name of the shoulder girdle

A

Pectoral girdle

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33
Q

Forms the arm; is a single bone

A

Humerus

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34
Q

Medial forearm bone in anatomical position

A

Ulna

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35
Q

Lateral forearm bone in anatomical position

A

Radius

36
Q

Wrist bones

A

Carpals

37
Q

Palm bones

A

Metacarpals

38
Q

Finger and thumb bones

A

Phalanges

39
Q

Girdle formed by two coxal bones and a sacrum

A

Pelvic girdle

40
Q

Composed of two coxal bones, sacrum, and coccyx

A

Pelvis

41
Q

Also known as the thigh bone; it is the heaviest, strongest bone in the body

A

Femur

42
Q

Also known as the shinbone; is larger and medially oriented

A

Tibia

43
Q

Is thick and sticklike; is lateral to the tibia

A

Fibula

44
Q

Occur where two or more bones meet

A

Joints/articulations

45
Q

Are immovable joints; includes the skull sutures

A

Synarthroses

46
Q

Slightly movable joints; includes the public symphysis of the pelvis

A

Amphiarthroses

47
Q

Freely movable joints; includes joints like knees and shoulders

A

Diarthroses (synovial joint)

48
Q

Are joints that are united by fibrous tissue

A

Fibrous joints

49
Q

Is an immobile type of fibrous joints

A

Sutures

50
Q

Is a fibrous joint that allows more movement than sutures but still immobile

A

Syndesmoses

51
Q

Is an immobile fibrous joint that is found where the teeth meet the facial bones

A

Gomphoses

52
Q

Are joints that are connected by fibrocartilage

A

Cartilaginous joints

53
Q

Is an immobile cartilaginous joint; found in epiphyseal plates of growing long bones

A

Synchrondrosis

54
Q

Is a slightly movable cartilaginous joint; found in the pubic symphysis

A

Symphysis

55
Q

Are articulating joints that are separated by a joint cavity

A

Synovial joints

56
Q

Is the fluid that can be found in the joint cavity

A

Synovial fluid

57
Q

Is a joint that enables the bones to slide each other

A

Plane joint

58
Q

Is a joint that allows flexion and extension in one plane

A

Hinge joint

59
Q

Is a joint that allows rotational movement

A

Pivot joint

60
Q

Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements

A

Condylar joint

61
Q

Is a joint that allows movement with two degrees of freedom

A

Saddle joint

62
Q

Is a joint that allows for freedom of movement in all directions

A

Ball-and-socket joint

63
Q

Is a strong, flexible tissue

A

Cartilage

64
Q

Are mitotically active stem cells found in the membranous periosteum and endosteum

A

Osteogenic cells/osteoprogenitor cells

65
Q

Are mature bone cells; monitor and maintain the bone matrix

A

Osteocytes

66
Q

Are bone-forming cells; synthesize and secrete collagen matrix and calcium salts

A

Osteoblasts

67
Q

Are giant bone-destroying cells that break down bone matrix for remodelling

A

Osteoclasts

68
Q

Is the process of bone formation

A

Ossification

69
Q

Is a type of ossification that occurs within connective tissue membranes

A

Intramembranous ossification

70
Q

Is a type of ossification that occurs inside hyaline cartilage

A

Endochondral ossification

71
Q

Bone formation/ossification in the diaphysis of a long bone

A

Primary ossification center

72
Q

Bone formation/ossification in the epiphysis

A

Secondary ossification center

73
Q

Bones grow in width (growth from outside)

A

Appositional growth

74
Q

Bone expands (growth from within)

A

Interstitial growth

75
Q

Is a break in bone

A

Fracture

76
Q

Is a fracture that does not penetrate the skin

A

Closed/simple fracture

77
Q

Is a fracture that penetrates through the skin

A

Open/compound fracture

78
Q

Treatment where bones are manually coaxed into position by physician’s hands

A

Closed reduction

79
Q

Treatment where bones are secured with pins or wires during surgery

A

Open reduction

80
Q

4 stages of bone fracture healing

A

Hematoma forms, Fibrocartilage callus forms, Bony callus forms, Bone remodeling occurs

81
Q

Function - the skeleton serves as the structural framework for the body

A

Support

82
Q

Function - most skeletal muscles are attached to bones; when they contract, they pull on bones to produce movement

A

Assistance in movement

83
Q

Function - the skeleton protects the most important internal organs from injury

A

Protection

84
Q

Function - a connective tissue called red bone marrow produces blood cells

A

Blood cell formation

85
Q

A connective tissue that produces blood cells

A

Red bone marrow

86
Q

Production of red & white blood cells and platelets

A

Hematopoiesis

87
Q

Function - bones store minerals for use by the body

A

Storage

88
Q

Function - yellow bone consists mainly of adipose cells, which store triglycerides

A

Triglyceride storage

[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) (13 decks)

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