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[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) > MIDTERM 02 - Integumentary System > Flashcards

MIDTERM 02 - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The largest organ of the body

A

Skin

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2
Q

Forms a physical barrier between the external environment and the internal environment that it serves to protect and maintain

A

Integumentary system

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3
Q

2 major tissue layers of the skin

A

Epidermis, Dermis

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4
Q

Superficial layer of the skin; is avascular and contains stratified squamous epithelium

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

Dense connective tissue; is vascular and is on average, 10 to 20 times thicker than the epidermis

A

Dermis

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6
Q

Deepest layer of the epidermis that lies next to the dermis; where cells undergoing mitosis can be found

A

Stratum basale/Stratum germinativum

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7
Q

Is several cell layers thick; contains a weblike system of intermediate filaments

A

Stratum spinosum/Pricky layer

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8
Q

Is four to six layers thick and accumulates 2 types of granules

A

Stratum granulosum/Granular layer

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9
Q

2 types of granules in stratum granulosum/granular layer

A

Keratohyaline granules/Lamellar granules

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10
Q

Helps to form keratin in the upper layer

A

Keratohyaline granules

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11
Q

Contains water-resistant glycolipid for slowing water loss across the epidermis

A

Lamellar granules

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12
Q

Formed from dead cells of the deeper strata; occurs only in thick, hairless skin of the palms of hands and soles of feet

A

Stratum lucidum/Clear layer

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13
Q

Outermost layer of epidermis/shingle-like dead cells are filled with keratin

A

Stratum corneum/Horny layer

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14
Q

Excessive sloughing of stratum corneum cells from the surface of the scalp

A

Dandruff

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15
Q

In skin subjected to friction, the number of layers in the stratum corneum greatly increases, producing a thickened area called a __________

A

Callus/hard skin

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16
Q

Over a bony prominence, the stratum corneum can thicken to form a cone-shaped structure called a __________

A

Corn

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17
Q

4 cells that can be found in the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells

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18
Q

Produces keratin; arises in the stratum basale

A

Keratinocytes

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19
Q

A fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis its protective properties

A

Keratin

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20
Q

Spider shaped epithelial cells that synthesize melanin pigment

A

Melanocytes

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21
Q

Arises from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis

A

Langerhans cells

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22
Q

Present at the epidermal-dermal junction; functions as sensory receptor for touch

A

Merkel cells

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23
Q

2 layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layer, Reticular layer

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24
Q

Upper dermal region that has areolar connective tissue

A

Papillary layer

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25
Q

Projections called __________ are present in the papillary layer

A

Dermal papillae

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26
Q

Papillary layer also house pain receptors and touch receptors called __________

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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27
Q

Comprises 80% of the thickness of the dermis; contains dense fibrous connective tissue

A

Reticular layer

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28
Q

Is important to the surgeon

A

Cleavage/tension lines

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29
Q

Dermal folds that occur at or near joints

A

Flexure lines

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30
Q

Polymer made of tyrosine amino acids

A

Melanin

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31
Q

Yellow to red melanin

A

Pheomelanin

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32
Q

Brown to black melanin

A

Eumelanin

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33
Q

Precursor of vitamin A needed for vision

A

Carotene

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34
Q

Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries

A

Hemoglobin

35
Q

Where the skin appear bluish

A

Cyanotic

36
Q

Due to embarrassment, inflammation, hypertension, fever, or allergy

A

Redness/erythema

37
Q

Due to emotional stress such as fear, anemia, low blood pressure, or impaired blood flow to an area

A

Pallor/blanching

38
Q

Occurs when too much bilirubin builds up in the body

A

Jaundice/yellowing

39
Q

Example includes vitiligo, which is a skin condition

A

Depigmentation

40
Q

Examples includes Addison’s disease and primary adrenal insufficiency

A

Bronzing/hyperpigmentation

41
Q

Involves partial or complete absence of melanin; example includes genetic disorder

A

Albinism

42
Q

Example includes hematomas

A

Bruises

43
Q

Produces oil (sebum), accumulated lipids, and cell fragments which serves as lubricant for skin

A

Oil/sebaceous glands

44
Q

Accumulated sebum blocks a sebaceous gland duct

A

Whitehead

45
Q

Material oxidizes and dries

A

Blackhead

46
Q

An active inflammation of sebaceous glands accompanied by pimples

A

Acne

47
Q

Overactive sebaceous gland; also known as ‘cradle cap’ in infants

A

Seborrhea

48
Q

Produces sweat; is widely distributed in skin

A

Sweat/sudoriferous glands

49
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine, Apocrine

50
Q

Produces clear sweat; open to pores on skin surface

A

Eccrine/merocrine sweat glands

51
Q

Releases milky/yellowish sweat that also contains fatty acids and proteins

A

Aprocrine sweat glands

52
Q

Gland that is found in the eyelids

A

Ciliary glands

53
Q

Modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal; produces cerumen or earwax

A

Ceruminous glands

54
Q

Gland that secretes milk

A

Mammary glands

55
Q

Produced by hair follicle

A

Hair/pili

56
Q

Dermal and epidermal sheath surrounding hair root

A

Hair follicle

57
Q

Smooth muscle cells that pulls hair upright when cold or frightened

A

Arrector pili muscle

58
Q

3 types of hair growth

A

Lanugo, Vellus hair, Terminal hair

59
Q

Excessive hairiness that may result from an adrenal gland or ovarian tumor

A

Hirsutism

60
Q

Hair thinning and some degree of baldness

A

Alopecia

61
Q

Most common example includes male pattern baldness

A

True or frank baldness

62
Q

Scale like modifications of the epidermis that is heavily keratinized

A

Nails

63
Q

Acts as a biomolecular barrier that disrupts bacterial membranes

A

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)

64
Q

The removal of waste products from the body

A

Excretion

65
Q

2 ways on how tissue repair/wound healing occurs

A

Regeneration, Fibrosis

66
Q

Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells

A

Regeneration

67
Q

Repair by dense connective tissue

A

Fibrosis

68
Q

Refers to the growth of new capillaries

A

Angiogenesis

69
Q

Results when bacteria infecting the throat releases a toxin into the blood that causes a reddish rash on the skin

A

Scarlet fever

70
Q

In this condition, the skin produces excess keratin and assumes a characteristic sandpaper texture

A

Vitamin A deficiency

71
Q

In this condition, the nails loose their normal contour and become flat or concave

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

72
Q

Results in high levels of lead in the hair

A

Lead poisoning

73
Q

Is an injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity, or radiation

A

Burn

74
Q

Where the part of the stratum basale remains viable, and regeneration of the epidermis occurs from within the burn area

A

Partial-thickness burns

75
Q

Involve only the epidermis and are red and painful

A

First degree burns

76
Q

Damages both the epidermis and the dermis

A

Second degree burns

77
Q

The epidermis and the dermis are completely destroyed, and recovery occurs from the edges of the burn wound

A

Third degree burns

78
Q

Are extremely severe burns that affect tissues deeper than the subcutaneous tissue

A

Fourth degree burns

79
Q

A general term for different integumentary carcinomas

A

Skin cancer

80
Q

The most frequent type; begins with cells in the stratum basale and extends into the dermis to produce an open ulcer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

81
Q

Develops from cells immediately superficial to the stratum basale

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

82
Q

Is a rare form of skin cancer than arises from melanocytes, usually in a preexisting mole

A

Malignant melanoma

83
Q

Is an aggregation, or “nest” of melanocytes

A

Mole

[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) (13 decks)

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