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[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) > MIDTERM 01 - Tissues > Flashcards

MIDTERM 01 - Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Group of cells with similar structure and function

A

Tissue

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2
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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3
Q

A physician who examines cells and tissue

A

Pathologist

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4
Q

4 types of tissues

A

Connective tissue, Epithelial tissue, Muscular tissue, Nervous tissue

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5
Q

5 types of cell junctions

A

Tight junctions, Desmosomes, Adherens, Hemidesmosomes, Gap junctions

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6
Q

Binds adjacent cells together

A

Tight junctions

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7
Q

Are mechanical links that bind cells

A

Desmosomes/cadherins

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8
Q

Help epithelial surfaces resist separation during contractile activities

A

Adherens/cadherins

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9
Q

Bind cells to the basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes/integrins

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10
Q

Small channels that allow molecules to pass

A

Gap junctions/connexins

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11
Q

Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts

A

Epithelial tissue

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12
Q

3 classifications of epithelium based on cell layers

A

Simple epithelium, Stratified epithelium, Pseudostratified epithelium

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13
Q

Consists of only a single layer of cells

A

Simple epithelium

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14
Q

Consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells

A

Stratified epithelium

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15
Q

Appears to be 2 or more layers of cells, some are tall and others are short

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

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16
Q

4 classifications of epithelium based on idealized shapes

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, Transitional

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17
Q

Are flat or scalelike; rapid passage of substances

A

Squamous

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18
Q

Are cube shaped; may have microvilli

A

Cuboidal

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19
Q

Are tall than thin; cell tends to be taller than they are wide

A

Columnar

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20
Q

Changes shape, from squamous to cuboidal and back

A

Transitional

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21
Q

Is a single layer of flat cells that resembles a tiled floor when viewed from apical surface

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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22
Q

A single layer of cube shaped cells; some cells have microvilli or cilia

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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23
Q

Single layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia or microvilli

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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24
Q

Single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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25
Q

Several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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26
Q

Consists of more than one layer of cuboidal epithelial cells

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

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27
Q

Consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells, but only the surface cells are columnar

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

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28
Q

Stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid

A

Transitional epithelium

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29
Q

2 major gland types that develop from epithelial sheets

A

Endocrine gland, Exocrine gland

30
Q

Are ductless; secretions diffuse into blood vessels

A

Endocrine glands

31
Q

3 examples of endocrine glands

A

Thyroid, Adrenals, Pituitary

32
Q

Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface

A

Exocrine glands

33
Q

3 examples of exocrine glands

A

Sweat and oil glands, Liver, Pancreas

34
Q

It is usually characterized by large amounts of extracellular material that separates cells from one another

A

Connective tissue

35
Q

3 types of protein fibers

A

Collagen fibers, Reticular fibers, Elastic fibers

36
Q

Resemble microscopic ropes; are flexible but resist stretching

A

Collagen fibers

37
Q

Are very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network

A

Reticular fibers

38
Q

Have a structure similar to that of coiled metal bed springs; after being stretched, they can recoil to their original shape

A

Elastic fibers

39
Q

3 types of adult connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper, Supporting connective tissue, Fluid connective tissue

40
Q

Includes loose and dense connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper

41
Q

Includes cartilage and bone

A

Supporting connective tissue

42
Q

Includes blood

A

Fluid connective tissue

43
Q

Consists of relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy network

A

Loose connective tissue

44
Q

3 subdivisions of loose connective tissue

A

Areolar, Adipose, Reticular

45
Q

Used for loose packing, support, and nourishment for the structures with which it is associated

A

Areolar connective tissue

46
Q

Used as a packing material, thermal insulator, energy storage, and protection of organs

A

Adipose tissue

47
Q

Provides a superstructure for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissue

A

Reticular tissue

48
Q

Has a relatively large number of protein fibers that form thick bundles and fill nearly all of the extracellular space

A

Dense connective tissue

49
Q

2 major subcategories of dense connective tissue

A

Collagenous, Elastic

50
Q

Can withstand great pulling forces exerted in the direction of fiber orientation

A

Dense regular collagenous connective tissue

51
Q

Capable of stretching and recoiling like a rubber band

A

Dense regular elastic connective tissue

52
Q

Provides support, but if bent or slightly compressed, it resumes its original shape

53
Q

3 types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic cartilage

54
Q

Allows growth of long bones and provides rigidity with some flexibility in the trachea, bronchi, ribs and nose

A

Hyaline cartilage

55
Q

Somewhat flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure; connects structures subjected to great pressure

A

Fibrocartilage

56
Q

Provides rigidity with even more flexibility than hyaline cartilage because elastic fibers return to their original shape after being stretched

A

Elastic cartilage

57
Q

Provides great strength and support and protects internal organs

58
Q

Contains large spaces and in which the extracellular matrix is arranged as little beams

A

Spongy bone

59
Q

Spongy bone contains large spaces and in which the extracellular matrix is arranged as little beams called __________

A

Trabeculae

60
Q

Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste products, and other substances

61
Q

Participate in blood clotting mechanism

A

Platelets/thrombocytes

62
Q

Includes lymphocytes and monocytes

A

Agranulocytes

63
Q

Is specialized for contraction having properties of extensibility, elasticity, and contractility

A

Muscular tissue

64
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, Skeletal muscle

65
Q

Used for movement of the body, under voluntary control

A

Skeletal muscle

66
Q

Pumps the blood, under involuntary control

A

Cardiac muscle

67
Q

Regulates the size of organs, forces fluid through tubes, and controls the amount of light entering the eye; it is under involuntary control

A

Smooth muscle

68
Q

Consists of two types of principal cells, the neurons and neuroglia; its function is to receive and conduct electrochemical impulses

A

Nervous tissue

69
Q

2 types of principal cells that can be found in nervous tissue

A

Neurons, Neuroglia

70
Q

Support cells that insulate, protect, and support neurons

71
Q

2 types of nervous cells in peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Satellite cells, Schwann cells

72
Q

4 types of nervous cells in central nervous system (CNS)

A

Microglia, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes

[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) (13 decks)

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