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[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) > MIDTERM 01 - Tissues > Flashcards

MIDTERM 01 - Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Group of cells with similar structure and function

A

Tissue

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2
Q

Study of tissues

A

Histology

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3
Q

A physician who examines cells and tissue

A

Pathologist

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4
Q

4 types of tissues

A

Connective tissue, Epithelial tissue, Muscular tissue, Nervous tissue

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5
Q

5 types of cell junctions

A

Tight junctions, Desmosomes, Adherens, Hemidesmosomes, Gap junctions

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6
Q

Binds adjacent cells together

A

Tight junctions

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7
Q

Are mechanical links that bind cells

A

Desmosomes/cadherins

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8
Q

Help epithelial surfaces resist separation during contractile activities

A

Adherens/cadherins

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9
Q

Bind cells to the basement membrane

A

Hemidesmosomes/integrins

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10
Q

Small channels that allow molecules to pass

A

Gap junctions/connexins

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11
Q

Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts

A

Epithelial tissue

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12
Q

3 classifications of epithelium based on cell layers

A

Simple epithelium, Stratified epithelium, Pseudostratified epithelium

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13
Q

Consists of only a single layer of cells

A

Simple epithelium

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14
Q

Consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells

A

Stratified epithelium

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15
Q

Appears to be 2 or more layers of cells, some are tall and others are short

A

Pseudostratified epithelium

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16
Q

4 classifications of epithelium based on idealized shapes

A

Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, Transitional

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17
Q

Are flat or scalelike; rapid passage of substances

A

Squamous

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18
Q

Are cube shaped; may have microvilli

A

Cuboidal

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19
Q

Are tall than thin; cell tends to be taller than they are wide

A

Columnar

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20
Q

Changes shape, from squamous to cuboidal and back

A

Transitional

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21
Q

Is a single layer of flat cells that resembles a tiled floor when viewed from apical surface

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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22
Q

A single layer of cube shaped cells; some cells have microvilli or cilia

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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23
Q

Single layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia or microvilli

A

Simple columnar epithelium

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24
Q

Single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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25
Several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface
Stratified squamous epithelium
26
Consists of more than one layer of cuboidal epithelial cells
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
27
Consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells, but only the surface cells are columnar
Stratified columnar epithelium
28
Stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid
Transitional epithelium
29
2 major gland types that develop from epithelial sheets
Endocrine gland, Exocrine gland
30
Are ductless; secretions diffuse into blood vessels
Endocrine glands
31
3 examples of endocrine glands
Thyroid, Adrenals, Pituitary
32
Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface
Exocrine glands
33
3 examples of exocrine glands
Sweat and oil glands, Liver, Pancreas
34
It is usually characterized by large amounts of extracellular material that separates cells from one another
Connective tissue
35
3 types of protein fibers
Collagen fibers, Reticular fibers, Elastic fibers
36
Resemble microscopic ropes; are flexible but resist stretching
Collagen fibers
37
Are very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network
Reticular fibers
38
Have a structure similar to that of coiled metal bed springs; after being stretched, they can recoil to their original shape
Elastic fibers
39
3 types of adult connective tissue
Connective tissue proper, Supporting connective tissue, Fluid connective tissue
40
Includes loose and dense connective tissue
Connective tissue proper
41
Includes cartilage and bone
Supporting connective tissue
42
Includes blood
Fluid connective tissue
43
Consists of relatively few protein fibers that form a lacy network
Loose connective tissue
44
3 subdivisions of loose connective tissue
Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
45
Used for loose packing, support, and nourishment for the structures with which it is associated
Areolar connective tissue
46
Used as a packing material, thermal insulator, energy storage, and protection of organs
Adipose tissue
47
Provides a superstructure for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissue
Reticular tissue
48
Has a relatively large number of protein fibers that form thick bundles and fill nearly all of the extracellular space
Dense connective tissue
49
2 major subcategories of dense connective tissue
Collagenous, Elastic
50
Can withstand great pulling forces exerted in the direction of fiber orientation
Dense regular collagenous connective tissue
51
Capable of stretching and recoiling like a rubber band
Dense regular elastic connective tissue
52
Provides support, but if bent or slightly compressed, it resumes its original shape
Cartilage
53
3 types of cartilage
Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic cartilage
54
Allows growth of long bones and provides rigidity with some flexibility in the trachea, bronchi, ribs and nose
Hyaline cartilage
55
Somewhat flexible and capable of withstanding considerable pressure; connects structures subjected to great pressure
Fibrocartilage
56
Provides rigidity with even more flexibility than hyaline cartilage because elastic fibers return to their original shape after being stretched
Elastic cartilage
57
Provides great strength and support and protects internal organs
Bone
58
Contains large spaces and in which the extracellular matrix is arranged as little beams
Spongy bone
59
Spongy bone contains large spaces and in which the extracellular matrix is arranged as little beams called __________
Trabeculae
60
Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste products, and other substances
Blood
61
Participate in blood clotting mechanism
Platelets/thrombocytes
62
Includes lymphocytes and monocytes
Agranulocytes
63
Is specialized for contraction having properties of extensibility, elasticity, and contractility
Muscular tissue
64
3 types of muscle tissue
Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, Skeletal muscle
65
Used for movement of the body, under voluntary control
Skeletal muscle
66
Pumps the blood, under involuntary control
Cardiac muscle
67
Regulates the size of organs, forces fluid through tubes, and controls the amount of light entering the eye; it is under involuntary control
Smooth muscle
68
Consists of two types of principal cells, the neurons and neuroglia; its function is to receive and conduct electrochemical impulses
Nervous tissue
69
2 types of principal cells that can be found in nervous tissue
Neurons, Neuroglia
70
Support cells that insulate, protect, and support neurons
Neuroglia
71
2 types of nervous cells in peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Satellite cells, Schwann cells
72
4 types of nervous cells in central nervous system (CNS)
Microglia, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes

[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) (13 decks)

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