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[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) > FINAL 04 - Dementia, BPSD, Parkinson's Disease > Flashcards

FINAL 04 - Dementia, BPSD, Parkinson's Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Is a general term characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and changes in behavior

A

Dementia

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2
Q

Most common cause of dementia that affects memory, thinking, and behavior

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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3
Q

Occurs because of microscopic bleeding and blood vessel blockage in the brain

A

Vascular dementia

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4
Q

4 symptoms and signs of dementia

A

Short term memory, Difficulty with task, Language problems, Disorientation

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5
Q

Refers to the symptoms of disturbed perception that frequently occur in patients with dementia

A

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)

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6
Q

Is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia

A

Parkinson’s disease

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7
Q

Is a burst of uncontrolled electrical activity between brain cells that causes temporary abnormalities in muscle tone or movements

A

Seizure

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8
Q

Are also called partial seizures since they begin in one area of the brain

A

Focal seizures

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9
Q

A type of focal seizure that may alter emotions

A

Simple focal seizure

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10
Q

A type of seizure that involves a change or loss of consciousness or awareness that feels like being in a dream

A

Complex focal seizure

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11
Q

Are surges of abnormal nerve discharges throughout the cortex of the brain more or less at the same time

A

Generalized seizure

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12
Q

6 types of generalized seizure

A

Absence, Tonic, Atonic, Clonic, Myoclonic, Tonic-clonic

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13
Q

Formerly known as petit mal seizures; often occur in children

A

Absence seizures

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14
Q

Are seizures that cause stiffening of the muscles

A

Tonic seizures

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15
Q

Also known as drop seizures; cause a loss of muscle control

A

Atonic seizures

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16
Q

Are seizures associated with repeated jerking muscle movements

A

Clonic seizures

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17
Q

Are seizures that usually appear as sudden brief jerks or twitches of the arms and legs

A

Myoclonic seizures

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18
Q

Previously known as grand mal seizures; are the most dramatic type of epileptic seizure

A

Tonic-clonic seizure

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19
Q

Are rapid, repeated, involuntary contractions of a group of muscles that either result in a movement or sound

A

Tics

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20
Q

4 causes of tics

A

Psychogenic, Neurogenic, Substance abuse, Physiological

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21
Q

2 types of tics

A

Simple, Complex

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22
Q

Are tics that involve a single muscle group

A

Simple tics

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23
Q

2 types of simple tics

A

Simple motor tics, Simple vocal tics

24
Q

It includes head shaking, eye blinking, sniffing, neck jerking, shoulder shrugging, and grimacing

A

Simple motor tics

25
Q

It includes coughing, throat clearing, and barking

A

Simple vocal tics

26
Q

Are tics that usually involve more than one muscle group

A

Complex tics

27
Q

2 types of complex tics

A

Complex motor tics, Complex vocal tics

28
Q

It includes self-hitting or self-biting, jumping and twirling while walking

A

Complex motor tics

29
Q

It includes repeating words or phrases, echoing what someone else said, and speaking obscenities

A

Complex vocal tics

30
Q

Is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the CNS white matter characterized by a relapsing or progressive course

A

Multiple Sclerosis

31
Q

Is a chronic, progressive, hereditary disease of the nervous system that results in progressive involuntary choreiform movement and dementia

A

Huntington’s disease

32
Q

Means any diagnostic or therapeutic drug that has the property of assisting in the diagnosis of abnormal conditions or symptoms

33
Q

Includes the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves

A

Nervous system

34
Q

Are medicines that affect the CNS

A

CNS agents

35
Q

Are medications used in the management and treatment of pain

36
Q

Are drugs that help normalize the way nerve impulses travel along the nerve cells which helps prevent ot treat seizures

A

Anticonvulsant

37
Q

Are medicines that ease nausea and vomiting

A

Antiemetic/Antivertigo

38
Q

Are medicines that aim to replace dopamine either by drugs that release dopamine or those that mimic the action of dopamine

A

Antiparkinsons

39
Q

Are medicines that work on the CNS to relieve anxiety, aid sleep, or have a calming effect

A

Anxiolytics

40
Q

Are a diverse group of medicines that have the ability to relax or reduce tension in the muscle

A

Muscle relaxants

41
Q

Are those used to perceive things that are not physical touch, such as sound, sight, smell, and taste

A

Special senses

42
Q

Involves difficulty processing and responding to these types of sensory information and can cause difficulties functioning in daily life

A

Special senses disorder

43
Q

It is a hormone that is prescribed for the treatment of auditory processing disorder (APD) in children and teens

A

Intranasal insulin

44
Q

Is a mineral compound of sodium valproate, which reduces neuron activity and prevents seizures

45
Q

It is a drug that can help reduce sensitivity to external stimuli, minimize irritation or agitation, and improve coordination and balance

A

Intranasal sodium nitrate

46
Q

This drug is administered through the nasal cavity and may help reduce sensitivity to smells

A

Intranasal clonidine

47
Q

This drug is administered through the nasal cavity and can help reduce sensitivity to taste and improve digestion

A

Intranasal lidocaine

48
Q

Are proteins derived from human or animal plasma and is intended to activate the immune system and provide protection against certain illnesses or diseases

A

Intravenous immunoglobulins

49
Q

Recurring seizures

50
Q

Duration of most seizures

A

30 seconds-2 minutes

51
Q

“Brakes”

A

Inhibitory circuits

52
Q

“Accelerator”

A

Excitatory circuits

53
Q

4 side effects of intranasal insulin

A

Nausea, Headache, Dizziness, Fatigue

54
Q

4 side effects of anticonvulsants

A

Dizziness, Diarrhea, Headache, Stomach upset

55
Q

4 side effects of intranasal sodium nitrate

A

Nose burns, Skin irritation, Dizziness, Diarrhea

56
Q

4 side effects of intranasal clonidine

A

Dry mouth, Constipation, Dizziness, Fatigue

57
Q

3 side effects of intranasal lidocaine

A

Irritation of the nasal sphincter, Nasal bleeding, Headache

[1ST YEAR] CCP 6 - Human Physiology and Pathophysiology (Lec) (13 decks)

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