midsem

Question 1

Factors for rolling and HC

Answer 1

sensory(orient towards/away from stimulus – vis.,vestib,aud), cognitive (intrinsic attention or motivation to interact with environment), motor (multiple - coordination, rhythm, PC development, MS, endurance, ROM, MP)

Question 2

Rolling: atypical

Answer 2

: overuses ATNR to roll

Question 3

Sitting:

Answer 3

ability – effective postural adjustments to maintain position with mvmt
Testing for >10 mnths and <3y (rotate in and out of side sitting, postural adj. with reaching and scanning)
+ prop

Question 4

Creeping

Answer 4

= reciprocally alternation arm and opposite leg flx and ext in prone. REQUIRES WS DIAGONALLY TO OPPOSITE PELVIS. Not all children creep, some may use commando

Question 5

Crawling =

Answer 5

WB hands and needs + reciprocal pattern
atypical = bunny hop, bottom shuffle, INFLUENCE OF IMMATURE PATTERNS, no weight shift or reciprocal pattern, irregular rhythm, POOR SHOULDER GIRLDE AND PELVIC STABILITY.

Question 6

Visual, auditory and prop

Answer 6

: creeping, crawling

Question 7

Vestib, prop, tactile and vis for MP and balance=

Answer 7

kneeling and pull to stand, cruising, stand alone, walking, running, squat, complex gait

Question 8

Pull > Stand

Answer 8

• > 8m, kneels and encourage hip extension
• <10 = half kneel, support knee and contralateral hip

18 months = At 18m the child should be able to climb onto an adult chair with two knees on seat, hold the back of the chair and turn around – assess WS, balance and coordination

Question 9

kneeling =

Answer 9

Trunk and lateral hip muscle control is critical. >18months HK supported, 18+ HK unsupported, 2yrs = kneel > half kneel> stand without assist
ax: 18+ Once in high kneel, encourage the child to let go of support by getting them to hold a toy with two hands, bubbles etc. Also, encourage to stand by going through half kneel

Question 10

cruising

Answer 10

= ability to transfer weight and maintain good postural control and orientation of trunk and limbs with change if position whilst moving sideways
- Abnormal = if both LL remain in BILATERAL EXTENSION

Question 11

cruising AX

Answer 11

> 8motnhs Observe evidence of immature bilateral supporting response (extensor tone in lower limbs) that does not allow freedom to move. ENCOURAGE SIDE TRANSFER OR CRUSING – CAN HOLD HANDS
10+ If child unable to perform facilitate by placing hands on the pelvis and weight shifting to one side to allow contralateral leg to be free to step to side.
Weight shift on left > right leg abduction > weight shift onto rigth leg > adduction with left

Question 12

Stand alone:

Answer 12

Under 4 months: placing reaction may be needed to initiate WB