Gross Motor Skills 0 - 12 months

Question 1

first 12 months

Answer 1

1. Head (sensory & oral) orienting: Head midline, Sensory orienting, Feeding, Communication
2. Floor posture & movement: Supine, Prone, Side lie, Rolling, Reach, Hands-­‐to-­‐Feet
3. Moving up against gravity: Sit, Sit transitions, Vault
4. Quadruped: Pivot, Commando, Creep, 4 point, Crawl
5. Kneel: Low kneel, High kneel, Pull to stand, Half kneel
6. Stance: Stand at support, Cruise, Transitions, Stand alone

Question 2

1. Head (sensory & oral) orienting

Answer 2

Head midline, Sensory orienting, Feeding, Communication

Question 3

2. floor posture & mvmt

Answer 3

supine, prone, side lye, rolling, reach, hands to feet

Question 4

3. Moving up against gravity

Answer 4

sit, sit transitions, vault (side lye > 4PK)

Question 5

4. quadruped

Answer 5

pivot, commando, creep, 4 point, crawl

Question 6

5. Kneel

Answer 6

low kneel, high kneel, pull to stand, half kneel

Question 7

6. stance

Answer 7

stand at support, cruise, transitions, stand alone

Question 8

floor positions and mobility

Answer 8

0-6 months

supine, side lye, prone, rolling

Question 9

antigravity positions and mobility

Answer 9

+ 6 months

sitting, side sitting, cross leg sitting, sitting on object/ball

Question 10

quadruped

Answer 10

eg crawl and creep

8+ months

Question 11

standing

Answer 11

stand and kneel 10+ months

Question 12

Head control

Answer 12

Pre-­‐emergence: normal absence in newborns
Emerges:
from 3m can control head in midline in supine and sit. Commence control in plane
Matures = develops progressively in all positions, and remains throughout life

Question 13

Signs of concern: head control

Answer 13

• Lack of antigravity control appropriate for age eg unable to lift head or maintain in supine and sit positions. No attempt to lift head in prone
• Lack of voluntary control of position eg abnormal tone prevents free movement of the head in space

Question 14

Rolling

Answer 14

pre-emergence = normal absence in babies under 4m
emerges = typically seen from 4m on
matures = roll supine to prone freely for mobility, remains throughout life

Question 15

signs and concerns of rolling

Answer 15

• absence of rolling = unable to initiate roll, unable to roll to both sides, unable to facillitate rolling
  + atypical rolling pattern or behaviour = eg rolls ‘en bloc;, hyper-extends to roll, overuses ATRN to roll, purposeless rolling