Middle Childhood Flashcards
how many cm and kg does a child grow per year
5-8 cm and 2.5-3kg a year
whats the importance of myelin at this age
the amount of myelin increases -> increases speed of electrical impulses, better attention control
what part of the brain deals with selective attention and attention control
reticular formation pathways to frontal lobes
true or false - there is no growth in frontal lobes during this age
false - there is
name the gender differences found during this age
girls are better coordinated and boys are stronger/faster
which are the pathways in the brain that get more myelinated
between cerebellum and cortex
list examples of unintentional injuries and which one is the most common
motor accidents - most common
drowning and fires
around ___ of Canadian children have unhealthy BMI
1/4
true or false - genetics is a risk factor for unhealthy BMI
true
what are some suggestions to decrease unhealthy BMI
60 minutes of vigorous physical activity , healthy food, less than 2 hours of screentime
blindness is legally defined as ____
less than 20/200 after correction
what % of school aged children have an auditory impairment
1-2%
true or false - more % of school age children have an auditory impairment than visual
false - more visual than auditory
true or false - mutism is the most common speech impairment
false - stuttering
ADHD stands for
attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder
is ADHD more common in boys or girls
boys
list some treatments for ADHD
dopamin and noradrenaline, CBT and parent training
math reasoning difficulty is called
a) dyscalculia
b) dysgraphia
c) dyslexia
a
what is metacognition
problem solving, mnemonics, rehearsal, organization
a writing disorder is called
a) dyscalculia
b) dysgraphia
c) dyslexia
b
true or false - dyslexia can be genetic
true
who developed verbal and non verbal tasks to determine intelligence
Wechsler
at what IQ score are you considered gifted
above 130
below 70 on a IQ scale means what …
chromosomal abnormalities, brain damage and genetic disorder
true or false - intelligence is a combination of nature AND nurture
true
explain the triarchic theory of intelligence and who proposed it
Sternberg
1. analytical - mental steps to solve problems
2. creative - experience
3. practical - read and adapt contexts of daily life
explain crystallized and fluid intelligence
crystallized - increases with age (examples - language, driving a car)
fluid - decreases with age (examples - memory and problem solving)
list Gardner’s multiple intelligences
musical, bodily kinesthetic, logical mathematical, linguistic, spatial intelligence, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist
what did Goleman propose
emotional intelligence
- without this, we cannot achieve intellectual potential
- four domains : social awareness, relationship management, self management and self awareness
how many words do kids this age learn a year
5k-10k
what kind of grammar rules do they learn
passive sentences, tag sentences and sentence dependence
name the learning style
- focus on big picture, pay attention to interesting information
relational style
describe the analytical style
focus on details, organized, learn details well
what are the two methods to learning new words
- whole word-recognition to learn familiar words
- phonetic method to learn new words
explain each stage/associated years of reading development
stage 0 (6 years) - identification of letters and recognize familiar words
stage 1 (6-7 years) - sound out words by blending letters
stage 2 (7-8 years) - read aloud fluently
stage 3 (8-13) - enjoyable way to learn
stage 4(13) - reading as reflecting multiple points of view
list the stages of writing development and brief description
0 - nonalphabetical writing -> not sure how letters work
1 - precommunicative -> writes random letters that do match to sounds
2 - semiphonetic -> partial representation of sounds in words
3 - phonetic -> connection of each sound in word to a printed letter
4 - transitional -> sophisticated spelling, vowels
5 - correct and automatic -> good grasp of basic spelling conventions
success brings …
sense of competence and mastery
failure brings …
sense of inadequacy and inferiority
true or false - children at this age are not as dependent on rewards and punishments
true
what is involved in the triadic reciprocal determinism
behavior, environment and personality
what does OCEAN stand for
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
true or false - when we develop our psychological self, we are more centred on physical features rather than feelings
false - we are more centred on feelings
true or false - self esteem decreases as we go through middle childhood
true
these symptoms match what disorder
fear of being alone, nightmares, refuse to go to school
separation anxiety
is medication a good treatment for separation anxiety
no because it can lead to suicidal thoughts
what is the best way to deal with separation anxiety
CBT
what are some of the causes of conduct disorders
genetics, deviant peers and families, inconsistent discipline, family stress
true or false - medications are usually provided as treatment for conduct disorder
false - CBT is
true or false - conduct disorder is equal in both girls and boys
false - more common in boys
define attributional status
blame other people for their own issues
true or false - childhood depression can be genetically based
true
what are some speculated nutritional causes of depression
red meat and processed foods
__ to___% of children are depressed
5 to 9%
what are some examples of sexism in classrooms
boys shouting out answers is accepted
girls calling out answers is not lady like
what are the differences between consequences of the victim and the bully
victim - mental health issues, somatic symptoms
bully - conduct disorder, aggressive behavior
true or false - jigsaw classroom teaches children happiness and partnership
false - it teaches empathy and perspective taking and engagement
____ are more likely to interact with smaller groups, agree more and enjoy indoor activities
a) boys
b) girls
b
disruptive and uncooperative externalizing behaviors
a) withdrawn rejected
b) aggressive rejected
b
true or false - peer relationships have both positives and negatives
true - there are some challenges
at what age can children pedal and balance on a bike
6-7
at what age can children properly engage in gymnastics
8-10
true or false - reaction time declines with age
false - it increases with age
what are some common medications for ADHD
stimulant - concerta and dexedrin
non stimulant - strattera
true or false - if a sibling has dyslexia, they also have a chance of having dyslexia
true
which part of the brain can lead to reading problems
angular gyrus
according to Piaget, at what stage do children enter between the ages of 7-12
concrete operational stage
what is significant about the concrete stage
-> reversible and flexible
-> less egocentric
-> decentration (focus on multiple parts of a problem)
name the three levels of Kohlberg’s theory or moral development
preconventional - follow rules based on rewards and punishments
conventional - follow societal norms for good and bad
postconventional - follow personal and universal standards
are there any critiques of Kohlberg’s theory
-> does not generalize to non western cultures
-> does not explain girls development well
what are the four goals of the Roots of Empathy curriculum
- increase in social and emotional knowledge
- decrease in aggression
- increase in sharing and helping
- long term results
true or false - auditory stimuli are maintained longer than in short term memory
true
_____ strategy is when we relate new material to known material to remember information
elaborative
who proposed emotional intelligence
Goleman
when are the two spurts of intellectual development
6 years and 10 years old
what is the more currently, appropriate word used for mental retardation
intellectual disability
if a child has intellectual challenges caused by the environment, what is that called
cultural-familial developmental challenges
what is the most spoken language by Canadians
mandarin
what is the term given to the interplay between the individual’s personality, environment and behavior
reciprocal determinism
at what age do children understand people may have different perspective but only one is right
5-9
at what age do children realize that a mutual perspective taking does not always lead to an agreement
> 12
step parents that assume an ______ parenting style tend to have a positive step children
authoritative
what is the Pygmalion effect and where did it comes from
try to bring out positive traits they believe dwell in the students
-> greek mythology - the sculptor Pygmalion breathed life into a beautiful statue he carved
true or false - enhancing teacher expectations does not affect student performance
false - it does
youth suicide rate is the
a) second highest
b) third highest
c) lowest
b
what are the two types of conduct disorders
childhood onset and adolescent onset
