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PSYCH 223 > Middle Childhood > Flashcards

Middle Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

how many cm and kg does a child grow per year

A

5-8 cm and 2.5-3kg a year

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2
Q

whats the importance of myelin at this age

A

the amount of myelin increases -> increases speed of electrical impulses, better attention control

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3
Q

what part of the brain deals with selective attention and attention control

A

reticular formation pathways to frontal lobes

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4
Q

true or false - there is no growth in frontal lobes during this age

A

false - there is

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5
Q

name the gender differences found during this age

A

girls are better coordinated and boys are stronger/faster

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6
Q

which are the pathways in the brain that get more myelinated

A

between cerebellum and cortex

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7
Q

list examples of unintentional injuries and which one is the most common

A

motor accidents - most common
drowning and fires

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8
Q

around ___ of Canadian children have unhealthy BMI

A

1/4

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9
Q

true or false - genetics is a risk factor for unhealthy BMI

A

true

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10
Q

what are some suggestions to decrease unhealthy BMI

A

60 minutes of vigorous physical activity , healthy food, less than 2 hours of screentime

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11
Q

blindness is legally defined as ____

A

less than 20/200 after correction

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12
Q

what % of school aged children have an auditory impairment

A

1-2%

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13
Q

true or false - more % of school age children have an auditory impairment than visual

A

false - more visual than auditory

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14
Q

true or false - mutism is the most common speech impairment

A

false - stuttering

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15
Q

ADHD stands for

A

attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder

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16
Q

is ADHD more common in boys or girls

A

boys

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17
Q

list some treatments for ADHD

A

dopamin and noradrenaline, CBT and parent training

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18
Q

math reasoning difficulty is called
a) dyscalculia
b) dysgraphia
c) dyslexia

A

a

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19
Q

what is metacognition

A

problem solving, mnemonics, rehearsal, organization

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20
Q

a writing disorder is called
a) dyscalculia
b) dysgraphia
c) dyslexia

A

b

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21
Q

true or false - dyslexia can be genetic

A

true

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22
Q

who developed verbal and non verbal tasks to determine intelligence

A

Wechsler

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23
Q

at what IQ score are you considered gifted

A

above 130

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24
Q

below 70 on a IQ scale means what …

A

chromosomal abnormalities, brain damage and genetic disorder

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25
true or false - intelligence is a combination of nature AND nurture
true
26
explain the triarchic theory of intelligence and who proposed it
Sternberg 1. analytical - mental steps to solve problems 2. creative - experience 3. practical - read and adapt contexts of daily life
27
explain crystallized and fluid intelligence
crystallized - increases with age (examples - language, driving a car) fluid - decreases with age (examples - memory and problem solving)
28
list Gardner's multiple intelligences
musical, bodily kinesthetic, logical mathematical, linguistic, spatial intelligence, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist
29
what did Goleman propose
emotional intelligence - without this, we cannot achieve intellectual potential - four domains : social awareness, relationship management, self management and self awareness
30
how many words do kids this age learn a year
5k-10k
31
what kind of grammar rules do they learn
passive sentences, tag sentences and sentence dependence
32
name the learning style - focus on big picture, pay attention to interesting information
relational style
33
describe the analytical style
focus on details, organized, learn details well
34
what are the two methods to learning new words
1. whole word-recognition to learn familiar words 2. phonetic method to learn new words
35
explain each stage/associated years of reading development
stage 0 (6 years) - identification of letters and recognize familiar words stage 1 (6-7 years) - sound out words by blending letters stage 2 (7-8 years) - read aloud fluently stage 3 (8-13) - enjoyable way to learn stage 4(13) - reading as reflecting multiple points of view
36
list the stages of writing development and brief description
0 - nonalphabetical writing -> not sure how letters work 1 - precommunicative -> writes random letters that do match to sounds 2 - semiphonetic -> partial representation of sounds in words 3 - phonetic -> connection of each sound in word to a printed letter 4 - transitional -> sophisticated spelling, vowels 5 - correct and automatic -> good grasp of basic spelling conventions
37
success brings ...
sense of competence and mastery
38
failure brings ...
sense of inadequacy and inferiority
39
true or false - children at this age are not as dependent on rewards and punishments
true
40
what is involved in the triadic reciprocal determinism
behavior, environment and personality
41
what does OCEAN stand for
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
42
true or false - when we develop our psychological self, we are more centred on physical features rather than feelings
false - we are more centred on feelings
43
true or false - self esteem decreases as we go through middle childhood
true
44
these symptoms match what disorder fear of being alone, nightmares, refuse to go to school
separation anxiety
45
is medication a good treatment for separation anxiety
no because it can lead to suicidal thoughts
46
what is the best way to deal with separation anxiety
CBT
47
what are some of the causes of conduct disorders
genetics, deviant peers and families, inconsistent discipline, family stress
48
true or false - medications are usually provided as treatment for conduct disorder
false - CBT is
49
true or false - conduct disorder is equal in both girls and boys
false - more common in boys
50
define attributional status
blame other people for their own issues
51
true or false - childhood depression can be genetically based
true
52
what are some speculated nutritional causes of depression
red meat and processed foods
53
__ to___% of children are depressed
5 to 9%
54
what are some examples of sexism in classrooms
boys shouting out answers is accepted girls calling out answers is not lady like
55
what are the differences between consequences of the victim and the bully
victim - mental health issues, somatic symptoms bully - conduct disorder, aggressive behavior
56
true or false - jigsaw classroom teaches children happiness and partnership
false - it teaches empathy and perspective taking and engagement
57
____ are more likely to interact with smaller groups, agree more and enjoy indoor activities a) boys b) girls
b
58
disruptive and uncooperative externalizing behaviors a) withdrawn rejected b) aggressive rejected
b
59
true or false - peer relationships have both positives and negatives
true - there are some challenges
60
at what age can children pedal and balance on a bike
6-7
61
at what age can children properly engage in gymnastics
8-10
62
true or false - reaction time declines with age
false - it increases with age
63
what are some common medications for ADHD
stimulant - concerta and dexedrin non stimulant - strattera
64
true or false - if a sibling has dyslexia, they also have a chance of having dyslexia
true
65
which part of the brain can lead to reading problems
angular gyrus
66
according to Piaget, at what stage do children enter between the ages of 7-12
concrete operational stage
67
what is significant about the concrete stage
-> reversible and flexible -> less egocentric -> decentration (focus on multiple parts of a problem)
68
name the three levels of Kohlberg's theory or moral development
preconventional - follow rules based on rewards and punishments conventional - follow societal norms for good and bad postconventional - follow personal and universal standards
69
are there any critiques of Kohlberg's theory
-> does not generalize to non western cultures -> does not explain girls development well
70
what are the four goals of the Roots of Empathy curriculum
1. increase in social and emotional knowledge 2. decrease in aggression 3. increase in sharing and helping 4. long term results
71
true or false - auditory stimuli are maintained longer than in short term memory
true
72
_____ strategy is when we relate new material to known material to remember information
elaborative
73
who proposed emotional intelligence
Goleman
74
when are the two spurts of intellectual development
6 years and 10 years old
75
what is the more currently, appropriate word used for mental retardation
intellectual disability
76
if a child has intellectual challenges caused by the environment, what is that called
cultural-familial developmental challenges
77
what is the most spoken language by Canadians
mandarin
78
what is the term given to the interplay between the individual's personality, environment and behavior
reciprocal determinism
79
at what age do children understand people may have different perspective but only one is right
5-9
80
at what age do children realize that a mutual perspective taking does not always lead to an agreement
>12
81
step parents that assume an ______ parenting style tend to have a positive step children
authoritative
82
what is the Pygmalion effect and where did it comes from
try to bring out positive traits they believe dwell in the students -> greek mythology - the sculptor Pygmalion breathed life into a beautiful statue he carved
83
true or false - enhancing teacher expectations does not affect student performance
false - it does
84
youth suicide rate is the a) second highest b) third highest c) lowest
b
85
what are the two types of conduct disorders
childhood onset and adolescent onset

PSYCH 223 (11 decks)

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