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PSYCH 223 > Middle Childhood > Flashcards

Middle Childhood Flashcards

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1
Q

how many cm and kg does a child grow per year

A

5-8 cm and 2.5-3kg a year

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2
Q

whats the importance of myelin at this age

A

the amount of myelin increases -> increases speed of electrical impulses, better attention control

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3
Q

what part of the brain deals with selective attention and attention control

A

reticular formation pathways to frontal lobes

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4
Q

true or false - there is no growth in frontal lobes during this age

A

false - there is

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5
Q

name the gender differences found during this age

A

girls are better coordinated and boys are stronger/faster

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6
Q

which are the pathways in the brain that get more myelinated

A

between cerebellum and cortex

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7
Q

list examples of unintentional injuries and which one is the most common

A

motor accidents - most common
drowning and fires

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8
Q

around ___ of Canadian children have unhealthy BMI

A

1/4

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9
Q

true or false - genetics is a risk factor for unhealthy BMI

A

true

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10
Q

what are some suggestions to decrease unhealthy BMI

A

60 minutes of vigorous physical activity , healthy food, less than 2 hours of screentime

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11
Q

blindness is legally defined as ____

A

less than 20/200 after correction

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12
Q

what % of school aged children have an auditory impairment

A

1-2%

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13
Q

true or false - more % of school age children have an auditory impairment than visual

A

false - more visual than auditory

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14
Q

true or false - mutism is the most common speech impairment

A

false - stuttering

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15
Q

ADHD stands for

A

attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder

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16
Q

is ADHD more common in boys or girls

A

boys

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17
Q

list some treatments for ADHD

A

dopamin and noradrenaline, CBT and parent training

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18
Q

math reasoning difficulty is called
a) dyscalculia
b) dysgraphia
c) dyslexia

A

a

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19
Q

what is metacognition

A

problem solving, mnemonics, rehearsal, organization

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20
Q

a writing disorder is called
a) dyscalculia
b) dysgraphia
c) dyslexia

A

b

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21
Q

true or false - dyslexia can be genetic

A

true

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22
Q

who developed verbal and non verbal tasks to determine intelligence

A

Wechsler

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23
Q

at what IQ score are you considered gifted

A

above 130

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24
Q

below 70 on a IQ scale means what …

A

chromosomal abnormalities, brain damage and genetic disorder

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25
Q

true or false - intelligence is a combination of nature AND nurture

A

true

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26
Q

explain the triarchic theory of intelligence and who proposed it

A

Sternberg
1. analytical - mental steps to solve problems
2. creative - experience
3. practical - read and adapt contexts of daily life

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27
Q

explain crystallized and fluid intelligence

A

crystallized - increases with age (examples - language, driving a car)
fluid - decreases with age (examples - memory and problem solving)

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28
Q

list Gardner’s multiple intelligences

A

musical, bodily kinesthetic, logical mathematical, linguistic, spatial intelligence, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist

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29
Q

what did Goleman propose

A

emotional intelligence
- without this, we cannot achieve intellectual potential
- four domains : social awareness, relationship management, self management and self awareness

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30
Q

how many words do kids this age learn a year

A

5k-10k

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31
Q

what kind of grammar rules do they learn

A

passive sentences, tag sentences and sentence dependence

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32
Q

name the learning style
- focus on big picture, pay attention to interesting information

A

relational style

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33
Q

describe the analytical style

A

focus on details, organized, learn details well

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34
Q

what are the two methods to learning new words

A
  1. whole word-recognition to learn familiar words
  2. phonetic method to learn new words
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35
Q

explain each stage/associated years of reading development

A

stage 0 (6 years) - identification of letters and recognize familiar words
stage 1 (6-7 years) - sound out words by blending letters
stage 2 (7-8 years) - read aloud fluently
stage 3 (8-13) - enjoyable way to learn
stage 4(13) - reading as reflecting multiple points of view

36
Q

list the stages of writing development and brief description

A

0 - nonalphabetical writing -> not sure how letters work
1 - precommunicative -> writes random letters that do match to sounds
2 - semiphonetic -> partial representation of sounds in words
3 - phonetic -> connection of each sound in word to a printed letter
4 - transitional -> sophisticated spelling, vowels
5 - correct and automatic -> good grasp of basic spelling conventions

37
Q

success brings …

A

sense of competence and mastery

38
Q

failure brings …

A

sense of inadequacy and inferiority

39
Q

true or false - children at this age are not as dependent on rewards and punishments

A

true

40
Q

what is involved in the triadic reciprocal determinism

A

behavior, environment and personality

41
Q

what does OCEAN stand for

A

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

42
Q

true or false - when we develop our psychological self, we are more centred on physical features rather than feelings

A

false - we are more centred on feelings

43
Q

true or false - self esteem decreases as we go through middle childhood

A

true

44
Q

these symptoms match what disorder

fear of being alone, nightmares, refuse to go to school

A

separation anxiety

45
Q

is medication a good treatment for separation anxiety

A

no because it can lead to suicidal thoughts

46
Q

what is the best way to deal with separation anxiety

A

CBT

47
Q

what are some of the causes of conduct disorders

A

genetics, deviant peers and families, inconsistent discipline, family stress

48
Q

true or false - medications are usually provided as treatment for conduct disorder

A

false - CBT is

49
Q

true or false - conduct disorder is equal in both girls and boys

A

false - more common in boys

50
Q

define attributional status

A

blame other people for their own issues

51
Q

true or false - childhood depression can be genetically based

A

true

52
Q

what are some speculated nutritional causes of depression

A

red meat and processed foods

53
Q

__ to___% of children are depressed

A

5 to 9%

54
Q

what are some examples of sexism in classrooms

A

boys shouting out answers is accepted
girls calling out answers is not lady like

55
Q

what are the differences between consequences of the victim and the bully

A

victim - mental health issues, somatic symptoms
bully - conduct disorder, aggressive behavior

56
Q

true or false - jigsaw classroom teaches children happiness and partnership

A

false - it teaches empathy and perspective taking and engagement

57
Q

____ are more likely to interact with smaller groups, agree more and enjoy indoor activities

a) boys
b) girls

A

b

58
Q

disruptive and uncooperative externalizing behaviors

a) withdrawn rejected
b) aggressive rejected

A

b

59
Q

true or false - peer relationships have both positives and negatives

A

true - there are some challenges

60
Q

at what age can children pedal and balance on a bike

A

6-7

61
Q

at what age can children properly engage in gymnastics

A

8-10

62
Q

true or false - reaction time declines with age

A

false - it increases with age

63
Q

what are some common medications for ADHD

A

stimulant - concerta and dexedrin
non stimulant - strattera

64
Q

true or false - if a sibling has dyslexia, they also have a chance of having dyslexia

A

true

65
Q

which part of the brain can lead to reading problems

A

angular gyrus

66
Q

according to Piaget, at what stage do children enter between the ages of 7-12

A

concrete operational stage

67
Q

what is significant about the concrete stage

A

-> reversible and flexible
-> less egocentric
-> decentration (focus on multiple parts of a problem)

68
Q

name the three levels of Kohlberg’s theory or moral development

A

preconventional - follow rules based on rewards and punishments
conventional - follow societal norms for good and bad
postconventional - follow personal and universal standards

69
Q

are there any critiques of Kohlberg’s theory

A

-> does not generalize to non western cultures
-> does not explain girls development well

70
Q

what are the four goals of the Roots of Empathy curriculum

A
  1. increase in social and emotional knowledge
  2. decrease in aggression
  3. increase in sharing and helping
  4. long term results
71
Q

true or false - auditory stimuli are maintained longer than in short term memory

A

true

72
Q

_____ strategy is when we relate new material to known material to remember information

A

elaborative

73
Q

who proposed emotional intelligence

A

Goleman

74
Q

when are the two spurts of intellectual development

A

6 years and 10 years old

75
Q

what is the more currently, appropriate word used for mental retardation

A

intellectual disability

76
Q

if a child has intellectual challenges caused by the environment, what is that called

A

cultural-familial developmental challenges

77
Q

what is the most spoken language by Canadians

A

mandarin

78
Q

what is the term given to the interplay between the individual’s personality, environment and behavior

A

reciprocal determinism

79
Q

at what age do children understand people may have different perspective but only one is right

A

5-9

80
Q

at what age do children realize that a mutual perspective taking does not always lead to an agreement

A

> 12

81
Q

step parents that assume an ______ parenting style tend to have a positive step children

A

authoritative

82
Q

what is the Pygmalion effect and where did it comes from

A

try to bring out positive traits they believe dwell in the students
-> greek mythology - the sculptor Pygmalion breathed life into a beautiful statue he carved

83
Q

true or false - enhancing teacher expectations does not affect student performance

A

false - it does

84
Q

youth suicide rate is the
a) second highest
b) third highest
c) lowest

A

b

85
Q

what are the two types of conduct disorders

A

childhood onset and adolescent onset

PSYCH 223 (11 decks)

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