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PSYCH 223 > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

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1
Q

who believed everyone is born with a blank slate

A

John Locke

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2
Q

who believed everyone is born with innate goodness

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

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3
Q

in the 19/20th century, which two people used scientific questionnaires to test what is normal development

A

Stanley Hall and Alfred Binet

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4
Q

what is the term given to having the capacity for positive change

A

plasticity

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5
Q

what makes up the cognitive domain of development

A

learning, memory, intelligence and problem solving

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6
Q

what makes up the socio-emotional domain of development

A

identity, relationships, what makes us unique

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7
Q

in terms of the interactionist model, what is the difference in beliefs between Locke and Piaget

A

Piaget believes genetics plays a big role in human development. Locke believed the environment and external factors plays a big role in human development

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8
Q

true or false - developing a second language is part of a sensitive period

A

true

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9
Q

is a critical or sensitive period irreversible

A

critical

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10
Q

what is attrition bias

A

occurs when participants who drop out of the study - the drop outs have unique characteristics compared to the people who remain

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11
Q

what are the four research ethic rules

A
  1. respect for individuals - non discrimination, confidentiality and protection
  2. respect for care - minimizing harm, competency, self knowledge
  3. integrity - honesty, lack of bias, discipline
  4. responsibility to society - pursuit for beneficial research
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12
Q

who proposed the psychosexual theory and what does he believe

A

Freud
- he believed the unconscious determines the personality and behaviour

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13
Q

what are the stages of the psychosexual theory

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital

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14
Q

true or false - we are born with an ego

A

false - we are born with Id

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15
Q

between the id, superego and ego, which one is the mediator

A

ego

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16
Q

who proposed the hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow
- our actions are motivated by physiological and psychological needs

17
Q

what was Piaget’s theory

A

he proposed the constructivist theory and he believed equilibrium came from both assimilation and accommodation

18
Q

what are the 4 stages of the constructivist theory

A

sensorimotor
pre-operational
concrete operational
formal operational

19
Q

what did Bandura believe

A

he thought human behavior is influenced through observational learning and imitation

20
Q

what did Binet and Simon do

A

they proposed the first standardized intelligence test

21
Q

what are defence mechanisms

A

a method to reduce anxiety when the id and superego are being too demanding

22
Q

what is the difference between the Electra and Oedipal complex

A

oedipal - rivalry between the son and father for his mother’s love
electra - rivalry between daughter and mother for her father’s love

23
Q

when do children enter the latent stage

A

5-6 years old

24
Q

what was different in what Erik Erikson proposed compared to Freud

A

Erikson theorized about psychosocial development and the emphasis of the ego

25
Q

match the important life event with the personality crisis

feeding, toilet training, exploration, relationships, social relationships, work/parenthood, life review

trust vs mistrust
intimacy vs isolation
autonomy vs doubt
ego integrity vs despair
indentity vs role confusion
industry vs inferiority
generativity vs stagnation
initiative vs guilt

A

feeding - trust vs mistrust
toilet training - autonomy vs doubt
exploration - initiative vs guilt
school - industry vs inferiority
friendships - indentity vs role confusion
relationships - intimacy vs isolation
work/parenthood - generativity vs stagnation
life review - ego integrity vs despair

26
Q

what is a schema

A

an action pattern involved in acquisition and organization of knowledge

27
Q

match the system with the interactions

microsystem
macrosystem
exosystem
chronosystem

school/peers/family/health services
school board/extended family/media/government/parent’s SES
attitudes and ideologies of culture
environmental changes

A

microsystem - school/peers/family/health services
macrosystem - attitudes and ideologies of culture
exosystem - school board/extended family/media/government/parent’s SES
chronosystem - environmental changes

28
Q

what is scaffolding

A

term for temporary cognitive structures or methods of solving problems that help children learn independently

29
Q

what does the Medicine Wheel represent

A

it is cyclical and on nature/seasons as well as a person’s stages and changes in life

30
Q

true or false - there are no complications to longitudinal studies

A

false - there are drawbacks

31
Q

what is the cohort effect

A

when a group of people are born at the same time, they experience cultural and other events unique to their age group; therefore, adults and children cannot be accurately compared

PSYCH 223 (11 decks)

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