Basics Flashcards

1
Q

who believed everyone is born with a blank slate

A

John Locke

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2
Q

who believed everyone is born with innate goodness

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau

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3
Q

in the 19/20th century, which two people used scientific questionnaires to test what is normal development

A

Stanley Hall and Alfred Binet

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4
Q

what is the term given to having the capacity for positive change

A

plasticity

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5
Q

what makes up the cognitive domain of development

A

learning, memory, intelligence and problem solving

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6
Q

what makes up the socio-emotional domain of development

A

identity, relationships, what makes us unique

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7
Q

in terms of the interactionist model, what is the difference in beliefs between Locke and Piaget

A

Piaget believes genetics plays a big role in human development. Locke believed the environment and external factors plays a big role in human development

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8
Q

true or false - developing a second language is part of a sensitive period

A

true

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9
Q

is a critical or sensitive period irreversible

A

critical

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10
Q

what is attrition bias

A

occurs when participants who drop out of the study - the drop outs have unique characteristics compared to the people who remain

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11
Q

what are the four research ethic rules

A
  1. respect for individuals - non discrimination, confidentiality and protection
  2. respect for care - minimizing harm, competency, self knowledge
  3. integrity - honesty, lack of bias, discipline
  4. responsibility to society - pursuit for beneficial research
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12
Q

who proposed the psychosexual theory and what does he believe

A

Freud
- he believed the unconscious determines the personality and behaviour

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13
Q

what are the stages of the psychosexual theory

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital

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14
Q

true or false - we are born with an ego

A

false - we are born with Id

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15
Q

between the id, superego and ego, which one is the mediator

A

ego

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16
Q

who proposed the hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow
- our actions are motivated by physiological and psychological needs

17
Q

what was Piaget’s theory

A

he proposed the constructivist theory and he believed equilibrium came from both assimilation and accommodation

18
Q

what are the 4 stages of the constructivist theory

A

sensorimotor
pre-operational
concrete operational
formal operational

19
Q

what did Bandura believe

A

he thought human behavior is influenced through observational learning and imitation

20
Q

what did Binet and Simon do

A

they proposed the first standardized intelligence test

21
Q

what are defence mechanisms

A

a method to reduce anxiety when the id and superego are being too demanding

22
Q

what is the difference between the Electra and Oedipal complex

A

oedipal - rivalry between the son and father for his mother’s love
electra - rivalry between daughter and mother for her father’s love

23
Q

when do children enter the latent stage

A

5-6 years old

24
Q

what was different in what Erik Erikson proposed compared to Freud

A

Erikson theorized about psychosocial development and the emphasis of the ego

25
match the important life event with the personality crisis feeding, toilet training, exploration, relationships, social relationships, work/parenthood, life review trust vs mistrust intimacy vs isolation autonomy vs doubt ego integrity vs despair indentity vs role confusion industry vs inferiority generativity vs stagnation initiative vs guilt
feeding - trust vs mistrust toilet training - autonomy vs doubt exploration - initiative vs guilt school - industry vs inferiority friendships - indentity vs role confusion relationships - intimacy vs isolation work/parenthood - generativity vs stagnation life review - ego integrity vs despair
26
what is a schema
an action pattern involved in acquisition and organization of knowledge
27
match the system with the interactions microsystem macrosystem exosystem chronosystem school/peers/family/health services school board/extended family/media/government/parent's SES attitudes and ideologies of culture environmental changes
microsystem - school/peers/family/health services macrosystem - attitudes and ideologies of culture exosystem - school board/extended family/media/government/parent's SES chronosystem - environmental changes
28
what is scaffolding
term for temporary cognitive structures or methods of solving problems that help children learn independently
29
what does the Medicine Wheel represent
it is cyclical and on nature/seasons as well as a person's stages and changes in life
30
true or false - there are no complications to longitudinal studies
false - there are drawbacks
31
what is the cohort effect
when a group of people are born at the same time, they experience cultural and other events unique to their age group; therefore, adults and children cannot be accurately compared