Basics Flashcards
who believed everyone is born with a blank slate
John Locke
who believed everyone is born with innate goodness
Jean Jacques Rousseau
in the 19/20th century, which two people used scientific questionnaires to test what is normal development
Stanley Hall and Alfred Binet
what is the term given to having the capacity for positive change
plasticity
what makes up the cognitive domain of development
learning, memory, intelligence and problem solving
what makes up the socio-emotional domain of development
identity, relationships, what makes us unique
in terms of the interactionist model, what is the difference in beliefs between Locke and Piaget
Piaget believes genetics plays a big role in human development. Locke believed the environment and external factors plays a big role in human development
true or false - developing a second language is part of a sensitive period
true
is a critical or sensitive period irreversible
critical
what is attrition bias
occurs when participants who drop out of the study - the drop outs have unique characteristics compared to the people who remain
what are the four research ethic rules
- respect for individuals - non discrimination, confidentiality and protection
- respect for care - minimizing harm, competency, self knowledge
- integrity - honesty, lack of bias, discipline
- responsibility to society - pursuit for beneficial research
who proposed the psychosexual theory and what does he believe
Freud
- he believed the unconscious determines the personality and behaviour
what are the stages of the psychosexual theory
oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital
true or false - we are born with an ego
false - we are born with Id
between the id, superego and ego, which one is the mediator
ego
who proposed the hierarchy of needs
Maslow
- our actions are motivated by physiological and psychological needs
what was Piaget’s theory
he proposed the constructivist theory and he believed equilibrium came from both assimilation and accommodation
what are the 4 stages of the constructivist theory
sensorimotor
pre-operational
concrete operational
formal operational
what did Bandura believe
he thought human behavior is influenced through observational learning and imitation
what did Binet and Simon do
they proposed the first standardized intelligence test
what are defence mechanisms
a method to reduce anxiety when the id and superego are being too demanding
what is the difference between the Electra and Oedipal complex
oedipal - rivalry between the son and father for his mother’s love
electra - rivalry between daughter and mother for her father’s love
when do children enter the latent stage
5-6 years old
what was different in what Erik Erikson proposed compared to Freud
Erikson theorized about psychosocial development and the emphasis of the ego
match the important life event with the personality crisis
feeding, toilet training, exploration, relationships, social relationships, work/parenthood, life review
trust vs mistrust
intimacy vs isolation
autonomy vs doubt
ego integrity vs despair
indentity vs role confusion
industry vs inferiority
generativity vs stagnation
initiative vs guilt
feeding - trust vs mistrust
toilet training - autonomy vs doubt
exploration - initiative vs guilt
school - industry vs inferiority
friendships - indentity vs role confusion
relationships - intimacy vs isolation
work/parenthood - generativity vs stagnation
life review - ego integrity vs despair
what is a schema
an action pattern involved in acquisition and organization of knowledge
match the system with the interactions
microsystem
macrosystem
exosystem
chronosystem
school/peers/family/health services
school board/extended family/media/government/parent’s SES
attitudes and ideologies of culture
environmental changes
microsystem - school/peers/family/health services
macrosystem - attitudes and ideologies of culture
exosystem - school board/extended family/media/government/parent’s SES
chronosystem - environmental changes
what is scaffolding
term for temporary cognitive structures or methods of solving problems that help children learn independently
what does the Medicine Wheel represent
it is cyclical and on nature/seasons as well as a person’s stages and changes in life
true or false - there are no complications to longitudinal studies
false - there are drawbacks
what is the cohort effect
when a group of people are born at the same time, they experience cultural and other events unique to their age group; therefore, adults and children cannot be accurately compared
