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PSYCH 223 > Late Adulthood > Flashcards

Late Adulthood Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the ages associated with late adulthood

A

65+

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2
Q

late adulthood is the
a) slowest growing segment of canadian population
b) fastest growing segment of canadian population

A

b

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3
Q

what are the three categories of late adulthood

A

young old, old old, oldest old

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4
Q

true or false - 65+ adults are usually grouchy and sluggish

A

false - not much evidence to support this

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5
Q

define senescence

A

gradual deterioration of body systems

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6
Q

is the life expectancy higher for women or men

A

women

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7
Q

what major theory does the cellular clock theory belong to and briefly explain it

A

it belongs to the programmed theories of biological aging
- species have a time limit as to when their cells lose the ability to replicate
-> every time the cell replicates, the some of the telomere is lost -> loss of protection
-> telomerase is supposed to help restore the telomeres after replicating -> as we age we lose the ability to create telomerase

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8
Q

what major group does the hormonal stress theory belong to and briefly explain it

A

it belongs to the programmed theories of biological aging
-> after illness, corticosteroids and adrenaline levels are high -> increasing risk for chronic diseases

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9
Q

explain the wear and tear theory

A

our bodies become less capable of repairing themselves -> loss of cellular function -> limited amount of stem cells

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10
Q

what major theory does the free radical theory belong to and explain it

A

it belongs to the cellular damage theory
-> radicals give risk to the damage of cell proteins, dna and membranes
-> less antioxidants

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11
Q

which theory of biological aging causes wrinkles and arthritis

A

cross linking theory

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12
Q

define the cross liking theory

A

cell proteins bind together -> stiffening of the proteins

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13
Q

there is a loss of
a) grey matter
b) white matter
c) both

A

a

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14
Q

decrease or increase

plasticity

A

decrease

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15
Q

decrease or increase

reaction time

A

increases

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16
Q

decrease or increase

brain weight

A

decreases

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17
Q

decrease or increase

number of dendtrites

A

decreases

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18
Q

decrease or increase

calcium levels

A

decreases

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19
Q

true or false - osteoporosis is more common in women

A

true

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20
Q

why is osteoporosis more common in women

A

because estrogen levels drop

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21
Q

what are some vision issues at this age

A

presbyopia, macular degeneration and glaucoma

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22
Q

1 in __ will need to have cataracts

A

5

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23
Q

presbycusis is associated with
a) hearing
b) vision

A

a

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24
Q

what is a hearing issue that occurs at this age

A

tinnitus

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25
Q

true or false - hearing loss happens more quickly in women

A

false - in men

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26
Q

true or false - 65+ adults are more likely to get skin damage from hot or cold

A

true - because skin is less responsive to cold or heat

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27
Q

how many hours of sleep should adults at this age get

A

average 7 hours

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28
Q

why do women and men wake up more frequently during the night

A

women - menopause -> hot flashes
men -> prostate enlargement -> pee more

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29
Q

what happens to this age group’s eating habits

A

satiety sensation is impaired -> the signal that tells them to stop eating is dysfunctional

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30
Q

pathological aging can lead to

A

premature death and prone to health risks

31
Q

what is the most common health risk

A

high blood pressure

32
Q

the main cause of death is
a) substance abuse
b) motor accidents
c) cancer

A

c

33
Q

true or false - this is the age group with the most motor accidents

A

true

34
Q

what are some interventions for depression

A

exercise, social involvement, medication and psychotherapy

35
Q

what can depression be confused with

A

dementia

36
Q

of the anxiety disorders, which are most common

A

GAD and phobias

37
Q

the rate of suicide is higher than the national average for what age group

A

85+

38
Q

true or false - women attempt suicide more but men complete the act more

A

true

39
Q

what is the biological reasoning behind Alzheimer’s disease

A

it is caused by excessive neurofibrillary tangles which means it is hard to form synapses

40
Q

what is the most common symptom of dementia

A

memory loss

41
Q

2/3 of dementia cases are _____

A

alzheimer’s

42
Q

when does Parkinson’s disease occur

A

generally 60+

43
Q

what neurotransmitter is related to Parkinson’s disease

A

lack of dopamine

44
Q

past information is associated with
a) retrospective memory
b) prospective memory

A

a

45
Q

knowing the alphabet or knowing how to drive is
a) episodic memory
b) implicit memory
c) temporal memory

A

b

46
Q

true or false - implicit memory is not automatic

A

false - it is

47
Q

which period of life do we remember the most

A

teens to 20s

48
Q

which memory is dependent on fluid intelligence

A

retrospective memory

49
Q

define the pollyana principle

A

tendency to focus on the positives and use more positive words in conversation

50
Q

when is there a pronounced decline in short term memory

A

after age 70

51
Q

true or false - implicit memory is affected by age

A

false - it is not

52
Q

in terms of problem solving, what three areas decline

A

executive functioning
working memory
processing speed

53
Q

what are the four stages of creativity and their associated ages and who was it proposed by

A

Cohen
1. re evaluation phase - 50s
-> reflect on past accomplishments
2. liberation phase - 60s
-> willing to take risks
3. summing up phase - 70s
-> put accomplishments together in a cohesive story
4. encore phase - 80s
-> fulfill desires

54
Q

match the description to the developmental task

those old in age must redefine themselves in ways that do not relate to their work roles

A

ego differentiation vs work role preoccupation

55
Q

match the description to the developmental task

people must learn to cope with and move beyond changes in physical capabilities

A

body transcendence vs body preoccupation

56
Q

match the description to the developmental task

elderly people must come to terms with their coming death

A

ego transcendence vs ego preoccupation

57
Q

who are considered the gatekeepers of wisdom, knowledge and cultural practices

A

elderly in first nations, metis and inuit cultures

58
Q

what does the activity theory propose

A

elderly people should maintain the greatest possible level of activity and involvement in the community

59
Q

what does the socioemotional selectivity propose

A

elderly people should focus on emotionally fulfilling experiences
-> only have a few important social contacts

60
Q

does self esteem increase or decline in late adulthood

A

declines

61
Q

true or false - generally self esteem is higher in men

A

true

62
Q

_% of elders report _____ or _____ abuse by an adult child or spouse

A

7%. emotional or financial

63
Q

what are the positives for turning to religious beliefs and institutions

A

-> avoids falling into negative coping mechanisms
-> better management of depression and anxiety

64
Q

true or false - heterosexual couples are more likely to seek divorce

A

false - they are less likely

65
Q

when is martial satisfaction at its peak

A

in late adult years especially in egalitarian relationships

66
Q

what are some of the similar findings found in both LGBTQ long term and heterosexual long term relationships

A

higher self esteem, less depression, less alcohol and few suicidal attempts

67
Q

what is the most traumatic experiences in life for this age group

A

widowhood

68
Q

what are the three reasons men are more likely to remarry

A
  1. they don’t have as good a social network as women so they are more lonely
  2. they feel they need women to do their housework
  3. women live longer so there are more women available
69
Q

typically when does retirement occur

A

65+

70
Q

what are the three factors of factor analysis of leisure activities of retirees

A
  1. athletic-competitive-outdoors
  2. artistic-cultural-self-expressive
  3. social
71
Q

what is the main factor behind successful aging

A

Baltes’ selective optimization with compensation -deciding what they will put their energy into

72
Q

true or false - optimization is associated with avoiding losses

A

false - it is associated with increasing gains

73
Q

what is dowager’s hump

A

caused by osteoporosis which can deform one’s posture -> curvature in the spine

PSYCH 223 (11 decks)

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