Late Adulthood Flashcards
what are the ages associated with late adulthood
65+
late adulthood is the
a) slowest growing segment of canadian population
b) fastest growing segment of canadian population
b
what are the three categories of late adulthood
young old, old old, oldest old
true or false - 65+ adults are usually grouchy and sluggish
false - not much evidence to support this
define senescence
gradual deterioration of body systems
is the life expectancy higher for women or men
women
what major theory does the cellular clock theory belong to and briefly explain it
it belongs to the programmed theories of biological aging
- species have a time limit as to when their cells lose the ability to replicate
-> every time the cell replicates, the some of the telomere is lost -> loss of protection
-> telomerase is supposed to help restore the telomeres after replicating -> as we age we lose the ability to create telomerase
what major group does the hormonal stress theory belong to and briefly explain it
it belongs to the programmed theories of biological aging
-> after illness, corticosteroids and adrenaline levels are high -> increasing risk for chronic diseases
explain the wear and tear theory
our bodies become less capable of repairing themselves -> loss of cellular function -> limited amount of stem cells
what major theory does the free radical theory belong to and explain it
it belongs to the cellular damage theory
-> radicals give risk to the damage of cell proteins, dna and membranes
-> less antioxidants
which theory of biological aging causes wrinkles and arthritis
cross linking theory
define the cross liking theory
cell proteins bind together -> stiffening of the proteins
there is a loss of
a) grey matter
b) white matter
c) both
a
decrease or increase
plasticity
decrease
decrease or increase
reaction time
increases
decrease or increase
brain weight
decreases
decrease or increase
number of dendtrites
decreases
decrease or increase
calcium levels
decreases
true or false - osteoporosis is more common in women
true
why is osteoporosis more common in women
because estrogen levels drop
what are some vision issues at this age
presbyopia, macular degeneration and glaucoma
1 in __ will need to have cataracts
5
presbycusis is associated with
a) hearing
b) vision
a
what is a hearing issue that occurs at this age
tinnitus
true or false - hearing loss happens more quickly in women
false - in men
true or false - 65+ adults are more likely to get skin damage from hot or cold
true - because skin is less responsive to cold or heat
how many hours of sleep should adults at this age get
average 7 hours
why do women and men wake up more frequently during the night
women - menopause -> hot flashes
men -> prostate enlargement -> pee more
what happens to this age group’s eating habits
satiety sensation is impaired -> the signal that tells them to stop eating is dysfunctional
pathological aging can lead to
premature death and prone to health risks
what is the most common health risk
high blood pressure
the main cause of death is
a) substance abuse
b) motor accidents
c) cancer
c
true or false - this is the age group with the most motor accidents
true
what are some interventions for depression
exercise, social involvement, medication and psychotherapy
what can depression be confused with
dementia
of the anxiety disorders, which are most common
GAD and phobias
the rate of suicide is higher than the national average for what age group
85+
true or false - women attempt suicide more but men complete the act more
true
what is the biological reasoning behind Alzheimer’s disease
it is caused by excessive neurofibrillary tangles which means it is hard to form synapses
what is the most common symptom of dementia
memory loss
2/3 of dementia cases are _____
alzheimer’s
when does Parkinson’s disease occur
generally 60+
what neurotransmitter is related to Parkinson’s disease
lack of dopamine
past information is associated with
a) retrospective memory
b) prospective memory
a
knowing the alphabet or knowing how to drive is
a) episodic memory
b) implicit memory
c) temporal memory
b
true or false - implicit memory is not automatic
false - it is
which period of life do we remember the most
teens to 20s
which memory is dependent on fluid intelligence
retrospective memory
define the pollyana principle
tendency to focus on the positives and use more positive words in conversation
when is there a pronounced decline in short term memory
after age 70
true or false - implicit memory is affected by age
false - it is not
in terms of problem solving, what three areas decline
executive functioning
working memory
processing speed
what are the four stages of creativity and their associated ages and who was it proposed by
Cohen
1. re evaluation phase - 50s
-> reflect on past accomplishments
2. liberation phase - 60s
-> willing to take risks
3. summing up phase - 70s
-> put accomplishments together in a cohesive story
4. encore phase - 80s
-> fulfill desires
match the description to the developmental task
those old in age must redefine themselves in ways that do not relate to their work roles
ego differentiation vs work role preoccupation
match the description to the developmental task
people must learn to cope with and move beyond changes in physical capabilities
body transcendence vs body preoccupation
match the description to the developmental task
elderly people must come to terms with their coming death
ego transcendence vs ego preoccupation
who are considered the gatekeepers of wisdom, knowledge and cultural practices
elderly in first nations, metis and inuit cultures
what does the activity theory propose
elderly people should maintain the greatest possible level of activity and involvement in the community
what does the socioemotional selectivity propose
elderly people should focus on emotionally fulfilling experiences
-> only have a few important social contacts
does self esteem increase or decline in late adulthood
declines
true or false - generally self esteem is higher in men
true
_% of elders report _____ or _____ abuse by an adult child or spouse
7%. emotional or financial
what are the positives for turning to religious beliefs and institutions
-> avoids falling into negative coping mechanisms
-> better management of depression and anxiety
true or false - heterosexual couples are more likely to seek divorce
false - they are less likely
when is martial satisfaction at its peak
in late adult years especially in egalitarian relationships
what are some of the similar findings found in both LGBTQ long term and heterosexual long term relationships
higher self esteem, less depression, less alcohol and few suicidal attempts
what is the most traumatic experiences in life for this age group
widowhood
what are the three reasons men are more likely to remarry
- they don’t have as good a social network as women so they are more lonely
- they feel they need women to do their housework
- women live longer so there are more women available
typically when does retirement occur
65+
what are the three factors of factor analysis of leisure activities of retirees
- athletic-competitive-outdoors
- artistic-cultural-self-expressive
- social
what is the main factor behind successful aging
Baltes’ selective optimization with compensation -deciding what they will put their energy into
true or false - optimization is associated with avoiding losses
false - it is associated with increasing gains
what is dowager’s hump
caused by osteoporosis which can deform one’s posture -> curvature in the spine
