Middle Adulthood Flashcards
what are some negative influences on aging
sedentary behavior, lack of sleep, junk food, stress
true or false - most people prefer decelerated aging
true
what is the pattern of white matter volume that occurs during aging
it increases until about the age of 40/50 and then decreases
true or false - CSF volume increases with age
true
true or false - more synapses are formed than lost at this age
false - they are more lost than formed
which parts of the brain decline first
frontal and parietal lobes
what is an exception of a brain structure that does not decline first
left temporal lobe associated with language
true or false - reaction time increases
true
name the phase of menopause associated with this description
estrogen levels begin to fluctuate
egg is not always shed
premenopausal phase
name the phase of menopause associated with this description
estrogen and progesterone levels drop to an ultimate low
no period
postmenopausal
name the phase of menopause associated with this description
estrogen levels decline
hot flashes
3 to 11 months of amenorrhea
no period
perimenopause
is hormone replacement therapy good
it has the risk of increasing chance for cancer
the level of what hormone decreases in males
testosterone
the extra of what drug can cause risk of prostate cancer
testosterone
what happens to the prostate gland during this age
enlargement
what happens with erectile dysfunction
loss of muscle tissue, clogged arteries, performance anxiety
the loss of what mineral causes osteoporosis
calcium
true or false - loss of calcium is worse for women during premenopause
false - after menopause
define the difference between presbyopia and presbycusis
presbyopia = loss of visual acuity and elasticty
presbycusis = loss in the ability to hear very high and low frequencies -> auditory nerves are degenerated
describe the physical changes
skin and hair
hair - greys and hair loss accelerates
skin - wrinkles
describe the physical changes
body mass
lean body mass decreases
basal metabolic rate declines
describe the physical changes
lung and heart
decline in aerobic capacity and heart rate
true or false - blood sugar tolerance declines
true
the main cause of death in middle adulthood is
a) cancer and motor accidents
b) CVD and cancer
b
__ in __ Canadians will develop cancer
2 in 5
what kind of food increases risk for cancer
red and processed meat
CVD most commonly results from
arteriosclerosis
personality type A is related to ____
CVD
personality type A is related to what type of behavior
Competitive, hostile
true or false - women live longer and have less diseases
false - they live longer but have more diseases
what are some consequences of stresss
suppress the immune system
increases risk for heart attack
increases risk for CVD
what is the most common mental health issue in middle age adults
depression
true or false - mental health can improve with age
true
self esteem peaks around
a) 50
b)60
c)13
b
what are the two models of cognitive aging and briefly explain each one
Baltes - selective optimization with compensation
Denney - exercise one’s skills and abilities will achieve a higher peak
describe the changes found in these abilities
plasticity
able to change throughout life
describe the changes found in these abilities
processing speed
decreases -> reaction time increases -> not dramatic
describe the changes found in these abilities
multidirectionality
some functions get worse or better or stay the same
true or false - verbal intelligence increases as you age
false - it remains stable
true or false - behavior becomes automatic
true
what are the two types of long term memory
semantic and episodic
name the type of long term memory
remembering personal events
decline with age
episodic
general knowledge refers to ______ memory
semantic
true or false - semantic memory can increase
true
define procedural memory
it is also known as motor memory ; can remain stable
at what age is productivity and scientific work at its best
age 40
what skills are better in middle adulthood
problem solving, critical thinking and decision making
list Goleman’s four stages of creativity
preparation, incubation, illumination and translation
what stage is the aha moment
illumination
what happens when we succeed at the generativity stage
establishing and guiding next generation -> leaving a legacy
satisfaction in life and work
what did the ETS find out with their study
believed generativity is related to intrinsic rewards and civic engagement
for the indigenous population, generativity is a form of
resilience
there is a change in perspective during midlife, what is it
time since birth to thinking about the time left till death
what is the term for caring for children and honouring the elders
medicine wheel
true or false - in midlife, there is a lack of productivity and resilience
false - they are the peak of it
define a normative event
a woman having her first baby at 21 would experience the same psychological forces as a woman having her first baby at 38
name 3 most stressful life events
death of a spouse
death of a parent
need to care for elderly parents
describe the status of each of the Big 5 personalities listed
agreeableness and conscientiousness
increases, then declines after age 70
describe the status of each of the Big 5 personalities listed
neuroticism
declines
describe the status of each of the Big 5 personalities listed
openness and extraversion
can either be stable or decline a bit
true or false - people become less negative over time
true
what aged women cope with divorce better
middle aged
true or false - middle aged adults have a large group friends who they are very close with
false - they have fewer friends but are still very close and intimate with them
define “close matches”
middle aged adults tend to choose people who are similar to themselves
what is the name of the generation that looks after their offspring and aging parents
sandwich generation
___% of canadian caregivers are from the sandwich generation
30
match the type of grandparent’s relationship to the description
grandparents do not see their grandchildren due to distance so not very present
remote
match the type of grandparent’s relationship to the description
grandparents having frequent contact with grandchildren
companionate
match the type of grandparent’s relationship to the description
grandparents basically take over everyday care of their grandchildren ; skip generation
involved
true or false - involved relationship is the most common grandparent-grandchildren relationship
false - companionate is
what does glass ceiling mean and who does it pertain to
women do not get promoted even with the same skills and education as their male counterparts
true or false - job satisfaction is at its peak
true
true or false - to be employed, you won’t need much post secondary education by 2026
false - 77% of the Canadian labour force will nee post secondary education
which generation are expected to be retired for 20 years
boomers (1946-1964)
one in ___ americans are lonely
5
what is the pigment responsible for hair color
melanin
true or false - keratinocytes are in the deepest layer of the skin
false - they are cells in the outer layer of the skin
is it better to have more or less keratinocytes
more
when do we lose neurons
at age 25
at age 20, we lose how many kg per ____
3.2kg or 7lb per decade
which population have the poorest survival rate from cancer
Indigenous
what are allopathic methods for treating cancer
chemo, radiation, hormonal therapy and surgery
what is the most common form of anteriosclerosis
atherosclerosis - buildup of plaque in the lining of the arteries
what is the technical term for white blood cells
leukocytes
biologically, what happens when there is injury
blood vessels in the injured area first contract and dilate
-> dilation increases the flow of blood, cells and natural chemicals to the injured area
-> this allows a bunch of white blood cells to fight bacteria
what are the two main strategies for memorization
role rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal
what did the study of university employees say about job satisfaction
gains were greatest for men in white collar jobs but not as good for men who are in blue collar jobs
a study found that grandchildren through adolescence spend more time in activities with their ____
grandpa or grandma
grandma
