Middle Adulthood Flashcards by Sonali Bala

what are some negative influences on aging

sedentary behavior, lack of sleep, junk food, stress

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true or false - most people prefer decelerated aging

true

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what is the pattern of white matter volume that occurs during aging

it increases until about the age of 40/50 and then decreases

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true or false - CSF volume increases with age

true

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true or false - more synapses are formed than lost at this age

false - they are more lost than formed

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which parts of the brain decline first

frontal and parietal lobes

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what is an exception of a brain structure that does not decline first

left temporal lobe associated with language

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true or false - reaction time increases

true

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name the phase of menopause associated with this description

estrogen levels begin to fluctuate
egg is not always shed

premenopausal phase

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name the phase of menopause associated with this description

estrogen and progesterone levels drop to an ultimate low
no period

postmenopausal

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name the phase of menopause associated with this description

estrogen levels decline
hot flashes
3 to 11 months of amenorrhea
no period

perimenopause

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is hormone replacement therapy good

it has the risk of increasing chance for cancer

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the level of what hormone decreases in males

testosterone

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the extra of what drug can cause risk of prostate cancer

testosterone

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what happens to the prostate gland during this age

enlargement

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what happens with erectile dysfunction

loss of muscle tissue, clogged arteries, performance anxiety

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the loss of what mineral causes osteoporosis

calcium

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true or false - loss of calcium is worse for women during premenopause

false - after menopause

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define the difference between presbyopia and presbycusis

presbyopia = loss of visual acuity and elasticty

presbycusis = loss in the ability to hear very high and low frequencies -> auditory nerves are degenerated

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describe the physical changes

skin and hair

hair - greys and hair loss accelerates
skin - wrinkles

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describe the physical changes

body mass

lean body mass decreases
basal metabolic rate declines

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describe the physical changes

lung and heart

decline in aerobic capacity and heart rate

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true or false - blood sugar tolerance declines

true

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the main cause of death in middle adulthood is
a) cancer and motor accidents
b) CVD and cancer

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__ in __ Canadians will develop cancer

2 in 5

what kind of food increases risk for cancer

red and processed meat

CVD most commonly results from

arteriosclerosis

personality type A is related to ____

CVD

personality type A is related to what type of behavior

Competitive, hostile

true or false - women live longer and have less diseases

false - they live longer but have more diseases

what are some consequences of stresss

suppress the immune system increases risk for heart attack increases risk for CVD

what is the most common mental health issue in middle age adults

depression

true or false - mental health can improve with age

true

self esteem peaks around a) 50 b)60 c)13

what are the two models of cognitive aging and briefly explain each one

Baltes - selective optimization with compensation Denney - exercise one's skills and abilities will achieve a higher peak

describe the changes found in these abilities plasticity

able to change throughout life

describe the changes found in these abilities processing speed

decreases -> reaction time increases -> not dramatic

describe the changes found in these abilities multidirectionality

some functions get worse or better or stay the same

true or false - verbal intelligence increases as you age

false - it remains stable

true or false - behavior becomes automatic

true

what are the two types of long term memory

semantic and episodic

name the type of long term memory remembering personal events decline with age

episodic

general knowledge refers to ______ memory

semantic

true or false - semantic memory can increase

true

define procedural memory

it is also known as motor memory ; can remain stable

at what age is productivity and scientific work at its best

age 40

what skills are better in middle adulthood

problem solving, critical thinking and decision making

list Goleman's four stages of creativity

preparation, incubation, illumination and translation

what stage is the aha moment

illumination

what happens when we succeed at the generativity stage

establishing and guiding next generation -> leaving a legacy satisfaction in life and work

what did the ETS find out with their study

believed generativity is related to intrinsic rewards and civic engagement

for the indigenous population, generativity is a form of

resilience

there is a change in perspective during midlife, what is it

time since birth to thinking about the time left till death

what is the term for caring for children and honouring the elders

medicine wheel

true or false - in midlife, there is a lack of productivity and resilience

false - they are the peak of it

define a normative event

a woman having her first baby at 21 would experience the same psychological forces as a woman having her first baby at 38

name 3 most stressful life events

death of a spouse death of a parent need to care for elderly parents

describe the status of each of the Big 5 personalities listed agreeableness and conscientiousness

increases, then declines after age 70

describe the status of each of the Big 5 personalities listed neuroticism

declines

describe the status of each of the Big 5 personalities listed openness and extraversion

can either be stable or decline a bit

true or false - people become less negative over time

true

what aged women cope with divorce better

middle aged

true or false - middle aged adults have a large group friends who they are very close with

false - they have fewer friends but are still very close and intimate with them

define "close matches"

middle aged adults tend to choose people who are similar to themselves

what is the name of the generation that looks after their offspring and aging parents

sandwich generation

___% of canadian caregivers are from the sandwich generation

match the type of grandparent's relationship to the description grandparents do not see their grandchildren due to distance so not very present

remote

match the type of grandparent's relationship to the description grandparents having frequent contact with grandchildren

companionate

match the type of grandparent's relationship to the description grandparents basically take over everyday care of their grandchildren ; skip generation

involved

true or false - involved relationship is the most common grandparent-grandchildren relationship

false - companionate is

what does glass ceiling mean and who does it pertain to

women do not get promoted even with the same skills and education as their male counterparts

true or false - job satisfaction is at its peak

true

true or false - to be employed, you won't need much post secondary education by 2026

false - 77% of the Canadian labour force will nee post secondary education

which generation are expected to be retired for 20 years

boomers (1946-1964)

one in ___ americans are lonely

what is the pigment responsible for hair color

melanin

true or false - keratinocytes are in the deepest layer of the skin

false - they are cells in the outer layer of the skin

is it better to have more or less keratinocytes

when do we lose neurons

at age 25

at age 20, we lose how many kg per ____

3.2kg or 7lb per decade

which population have the poorest survival rate from cancer

Indigenous

what are allopathic methods for treating cancer

chemo, radiation, hormonal therapy and surgery

what is the most common form of anteriosclerosis

atherosclerosis - buildup of plaque in the lining of the arteries

what is the technical term for white blood cells

leukocytes

biologically, what happens when there is injury

blood vessels in the injured area first contract and dilate -> dilation increases the flow of blood, cells and natural chemicals to the injured area -> this allows a bunch of white blood cells to fight bacteria

what are the two main strategies for memorization

role rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal

what did the study of university employees say about job satisfaction

gains were greatest for men in white collar jobs but not as good for men who are in blue collar jobs

a study found that grandchildren through adolescence spend more time in activities with their ____ grandpa or grandma

grandma