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PSYCH 223 > Middle Adulthood > Flashcards

Middle Adulthood Flashcards

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1
Q

what are some negative influences on aging

A

sedentary behavior, lack of sleep, junk food, stress

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2
Q

true or false - most people prefer decelerated aging

A

true

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3
Q

what is the pattern of white matter volume that occurs during aging

A

it increases until about the age of 40/50 and then decreases

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4
Q

true or false - CSF volume increases with age

A

true

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5
Q

true or false - more synapses are formed than lost at this age

A

false - they are more lost than formed

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6
Q

which parts of the brain decline first

A

frontal and parietal lobes

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7
Q

what is an exception of a brain structure that does not decline first

A

left temporal lobe associated with language

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8
Q

true or false - reaction time increases

A

true

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9
Q

name the phase of menopause associated with this description

estrogen levels begin to fluctuate
egg is not always shed

A

premenopausal phase

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10
Q

name the phase of menopause associated with this description

estrogen and progesterone levels drop to an ultimate low
no period

A

postmenopausal

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11
Q

name the phase of menopause associated with this description

estrogen levels decline
hot flashes
3 to 11 months of amenorrhea
no period

A

perimenopause

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12
Q

is hormone replacement therapy good

A

it has the risk of increasing chance for cancer

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13
Q

the level of what hormone decreases in males

A

testosterone

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14
Q

the extra of what drug can cause risk of prostate cancer

A

testosterone

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15
Q

what happens to the prostate gland during this age

A

enlargement

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16
Q

what happens with erectile dysfunction

A

loss of muscle tissue, clogged arteries, performance anxiety

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17
Q

the loss of what mineral causes osteoporosis

A

calcium

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18
Q

true or false - loss of calcium is worse for women during premenopause

A

false - after menopause

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19
Q

define the difference between presbyopia and presbycusis

A

presbyopia = loss of visual acuity and elasticty

presbycusis = loss in the ability to hear very high and low frequencies -> auditory nerves are degenerated

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20
Q

describe the physical changes

skin and hair

A

hair - greys and hair loss accelerates
skin - wrinkles

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21
Q

describe the physical changes

body mass

A

lean body mass decreases
basal metabolic rate declines

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22
Q

describe the physical changes

lung and heart

A

decline in aerobic capacity and heart rate

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23
Q

true or false - blood sugar tolerance declines

A

true

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24
Q

the main cause of death in middle adulthood is
a) cancer and motor accidents
b) CVD and cancer

A

b

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25
Q

__ in __ Canadians will develop cancer

A

2 in 5

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26
Q

what kind of food increases risk for cancer

A

red and processed meat

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27
Q

CVD most commonly results from

A

arteriosclerosis

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28
Q

personality type A is related to ____

A

CVD

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29
Q

personality type A is related to what type of behavior

A

Competitive, hostile

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30
Q

true or false - women live longer and have less diseases

A

false - they live longer but have more diseases

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31
Q

what are some consequences of stresss

A

suppress the immune system
increases risk for heart attack
increases risk for CVD

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32
Q

what is the most common mental health issue in middle age adults

A

depression

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33
Q

true or false - mental health can improve with age

A

true

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34
Q

self esteem peaks around
a) 50
b)60
c)13

A

b

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35
Q

what are the two models of cognitive aging and briefly explain each one

A

Baltes - selective optimization with compensation
Denney - exercise one’s skills and abilities will achieve a higher peak

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36
Q

describe the changes found in these abilities

plasticity

A

able to change throughout life

37
Q

describe the changes found in these abilities

processing speed

A

decreases -> reaction time increases -> not dramatic

38
Q

describe the changes found in these abilities

multidirectionality

A

some functions get worse or better or stay the same

39
Q

true or false - verbal intelligence increases as you age

A

false - it remains stable

40
Q

true or false - behavior becomes automatic

A

true

41
Q

what are the two types of long term memory

A

semantic and episodic

42
Q

name the type of long term memory

remembering personal events
decline with age

A

episodic

43
Q

general knowledge refers to ______ memory

A

semantic

44
Q

true or false - semantic memory can increase

A

true

45
Q

define procedural memory

A

it is also known as motor memory ; can remain stable

46
Q

at what age is productivity and scientific work at its best

A

age 40

47
Q

what skills are better in middle adulthood

A

problem solving, critical thinking and decision making

48
Q

list Goleman’s four stages of creativity

A

preparation, incubation, illumination and translation

49
Q

what stage is the aha moment

A

illumination

50
Q

what happens when we succeed at the generativity stage

A

establishing and guiding next generation -> leaving a legacy
satisfaction in life and work

51
Q

what did the ETS find out with their study

A

believed generativity is related to intrinsic rewards and civic engagement

52
Q

for the indigenous population, generativity is a form of

A

resilience

53
Q

there is a change in perspective during midlife, what is it

A

time since birth to thinking about the time left till death

54
Q

what is the term for caring for children and honouring the elders

A

medicine wheel

55
Q

true or false - in midlife, there is a lack of productivity and resilience

A

false - they are the peak of it

56
Q

define a normative event

A

a woman having her first baby at 21 would experience the same psychological forces as a woman having her first baby at 38

57
Q

name 3 most stressful life events

A

death of a spouse
death of a parent
need to care for elderly parents

58
Q

describe the status of each of the Big 5 personalities listed

agreeableness and conscientiousness

A

increases, then declines after age 70

59
Q

describe the status of each of the Big 5 personalities listed

neuroticism

A

declines

60
Q

describe the status of each of the Big 5 personalities listed

openness and extraversion

A

can either be stable or decline a bit

61
Q

true or false - people become less negative over time

A

true

62
Q

what aged women cope with divorce better

A

middle aged

63
Q

true or false - middle aged adults have a large group friends who they are very close with

A

false - they have fewer friends but are still very close and intimate with them

64
Q

define “close matches”

A

middle aged adults tend to choose people who are similar to themselves

65
Q

what is the name of the generation that looks after their offspring and aging parents

A

sandwich generation

66
Q

___% of canadian caregivers are from the sandwich generation

A

30

67
Q

match the type of grandparent’s relationship to the description

grandparents do not see their grandchildren due to distance so not very present

A

remote

68
Q

match the type of grandparent’s relationship to the description

grandparents having frequent contact with grandchildren

A

companionate

69
Q

match the type of grandparent’s relationship to the description

grandparents basically take over everyday care of their grandchildren ; skip generation

A

involved

70
Q

true or false - involved relationship is the most common grandparent-grandchildren relationship

A

false - companionate is

71
Q

what does glass ceiling mean and who does it pertain to

A

women do not get promoted even with the same skills and education as their male counterparts

72
Q

true or false - job satisfaction is at its peak

A

true

73
Q

true or false - to be employed, you won’t need much post secondary education by 2026

A

false - 77% of the Canadian labour force will nee post secondary education

74
Q

which generation are expected to be retired for 20 years

A

boomers (1946-1964)

75
Q

one in ___ americans are lonely

A

5

76
Q

what is the pigment responsible for hair color

A

melanin

77
Q

true or false - keratinocytes are in the deepest layer of the skin

A

false - they are cells in the outer layer of the skin

78
Q

is it better to have more or less keratinocytes

A

more

79
Q

when do we lose neurons

A

at age 25

80
Q

at age 20, we lose how many kg per ____

A

3.2kg or 7lb per decade

81
Q

which population have the poorest survival rate from cancer

A

Indigenous

82
Q

what are allopathic methods for treating cancer

A

chemo, radiation, hormonal therapy and surgery

83
Q

what is the most common form of anteriosclerosis

A

atherosclerosis - buildup of plaque in the lining of the arteries

84
Q

what is the technical term for white blood cells

A

leukocytes

85
Q

biologically, what happens when there is injury

A

blood vessels in the injured area first contract and dilate
-> dilation increases the flow of blood, cells and natural chemicals to the injured area
-> this allows a bunch of white blood cells to fight bacteria

86
Q

what are the two main strategies for memorization

A

role rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal

87
Q

what did the study of university employees say about job satisfaction

A

gains were greatest for men in white collar jobs but not as good for men who are in blue collar jobs

88
Q

a study found that grandchildren through adolescence spend more time in activities with their ____
grandpa or grandma

A

grandma

PSYCH 223 (11 decks)

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