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PSYCH 223 > Adolescence > Flashcards

Adolescence Flashcards

1
Q

true or false - girls mature earlier than boys

A

true

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2
Q

what are the hormones produced for reproductive maturity

A

androgens and estrogen

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3
Q

if a girl is experiencing their period earlier and earlier every month they are following a …

A

secular trend

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4
Q

how many cm do adolescents grow in a year

A

5-13cm

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5
Q

when is the peak of the growth spurt

A

2 years after puberty

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6
Q

true or false - early maturation is generally positive for girls

A

false - for boys

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7
Q

what community is most affected by early maturation

A

LGBTQ2S+

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8
Q

true or false - there is a dramatic change in the number of neurons

A

false - there is a dramatic increase in grey matter volume -> increase in size and complexity

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9
Q

white matter has to do with
a) size of neurons
b) number of neurons
c) connections between neurons

A

c

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10
Q

limbic system ____ while prefrontal cortex ____
a) develops slowly, flourishes
b) flourishes, develops slowly

A

b

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11
Q

name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence

motor

A

girls are better coordinated but boys catch up

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12
Q

name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence

skeletal

A

jaw shape changes

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13
Q

name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence

respiratory

A

heart rate drops and lungs grow in size

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14
Q

name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence

muscular system

A

boys have thicker and denser muscles

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15
Q

what are some daily guidelines

A

60 mins of physical activity
less than 2 hours screen time
8-10 hours sleep

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16
Q

what are some risk factors for early sex

A

less physical activity, peer influence and sexual abuse

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17
Q

name some examples of STI

A

gonorrhea, chlamydia and HPV

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18
Q

which STI may cause cervical cancer

A

HPV

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19
Q

vaccines are available for what STI

A

HPV

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20
Q

ectopic pregnancy can be caused by which STI

A

chlamydia

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21
Q

true or false - teenage pregnancy is higher among American adolescents

A

false - in indigenous

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22
Q

what are some risk factors for sensation seeking

A

permissive parents, lack of maturity in prefrontal cortex, not involved in extracurriculars

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23
Q

eating disorders are more common in boys/girls

A

girls

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24
Q

name the differences between bulimia and anorexia nervosa

A

bulimia - binge eat and then feel guilty -> try to excrete all the food they eat -> tooth decay, lower body temp, hair loss

anorexia - starving, dieting, fear of weight gain -> body dysmoprhia -> osteoporosis, insomnia, no menstruation

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25
what is the fear involved in the risk factors of an eating disorder
fear of growing up - Freud - psychoanalysis
26
true or false - brain dysfunction can be a risk factor of eating disorders
true
27
list some treatments for an eating disorder
CBT, 12 step program, interpersonal psychotherapy
28
true or false - depression is more common in boys
false - in girls
29
what are the common ages for depression
16-19
30
what kind of medication is not recommended for depression and why
SSRIs - lead to suicidal thoughts
31
true or false - depression can be genetic
true
32
what is the second leading cause of death in adolescents
suicide
33
among which community is suicide the highest in the world
Canadian indigenous youth
34
name some prevention strategies for suicide
education and social awareness
35
true or false - adolescents are engaging in illicit activities more and more these days
false - they have decreases in Canada
36
describe hypothetico-deductive reasoning
think about things scientifically before actually doing it - native idealism
37
___ is when an individual tests a hypothesis by isolating one variable at a time
systematic problem solving
38
why is Piaget critiqued about his idea of formal operational stage
1. not everyone gets to this stage 2. underestimation of the age at which they achieve this stage
39
what are the changes in academic goals during this age
1. task goals -> more competent -> positive attitude towards school -> success and failure is based off one's own effort 2. ability goals -> better than someone else -> influenced easily -> success and failure is based off one's own effort
40
risk factors of parents with low education level, skipping classes, hard to fit in can lead to...
dropping out
41
true or false - girls are better at math
false - they are better at reading skills
42
state if boys or girls outperform in this ability visual spatial ability
boys
43
state if boys or girls outperform in this ability verbal ability
girls
44
state if boys or girls outperform in this ability standardized tests
no differences
45
is more than 13 hours a week of work at this age a con or pro
con
46
match the job with the career typology professors/researchers
investigative
47
match the job with the career typology business owner
enterprising
48
match the job with the career typology teachers
social
49
match the job with the career typology banking
conventional
50
match the job with the career typology engineering/farming
realistic
51
boys tend to be interested in a) unstructured activities b) structured activities
b
52
what are the differences in relationships with peers in early and late adolescence
early adolescence is about popularity and peer acceptance late adolescence is about the quality of relationship
53
what are the pros to having a relationship with ones parents
academic achievement, better mental health, less substance abuse
54
list the three scales of MULTIS
categorization, integration, compartmentalization
55
match the integration scale to the definition multiple cultural identities separated within self
Compartmentalization
56
match the integration scale to the definition identify with only group
categorization
57
who proposed the stages of ethnic identity of development and what are they
Phinney unexamined ethnic identity ethnic identity search ethnic identity achievement
58
out of the four gender roles, which two have the highest self esteem
androgynous and masculine
59
high masculinity and high femininity =
androgynous
60
positive outcomes of high self esteem are a) anti social behavior b) academic achievement c) inferiority c) attention seeking
b
61
at what age is there a low point of self esteem a) 10 years old b) 18 years old c) 13 years old
c
62
true or false - references to body image increases to age
false - it declines
63
true or false - reference to ideology or belief increases with age
true
64
puberty is controlled by a feedback loop involving what
hypothalamus, pituitary glands, hormones and the gonads
65
explain the feedback loop
hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland -> releases hormones controlling gonads -> produce sex hormones -> stimulate hypothalamus
66
bodily hair is a primary/secondary sex characteristic
secondary
67
true or false - the feet and hands mature faster than the arms and legs
true
68
why does a boy's voice deepen
due to the growth of the voice box and lengthening of the vocal cords
69
at what age is mature sperm found
15
70
what is the name for the enlargement of breasts and why does it occur
gynecomastia - small amount of female sex hormones secreted by testes
71
what is epiphyseal closure
happens around 20 years old, testosterone prevents the lengthening of the long bones in men
72
true or false - mammary glands mature at puberty
false - they only mature when a woman has a baby
73
early maturation is associated with a) popularity b) aggression c) relaxed d) a b and c are right
d
74
what were the results of the Canadian Medical Association study on alcohol and drugs
most of the teens consumed alcohol and one third had tried marijuana
75
what did Bell and Bromnick say about the imaginary audience
they suggested that adolescents worry about what other people think because they face real personal and social consequences for their actions -> concerns are based in social reality rather than imaginary
76
define the differences between stage 5 and stage 6 in Kohlberg's moral development
stage 5 - human needs vs society's need to maintain social order -> Sam really needs the drug to help his sick wife but he cannot steal it stage 6 - people follow their universal ethical principles even if it means breaking the law
77
the term used for when adolescents experiment with different roles, values and beliefs is
psychological moratorium
78
what is identity diffusion and why might it be bad
relates to adolescents who don't have commitments nor trying to form them -> leads to rebellion and alienation
79
what is the most common STI
chlamydia
80
chlamydia is a major cause of ____
pelvic inflammatory disease

PSYCH 223 (11 decks)

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