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PSYCH 223 > Adolescence > Flashcards

Adolescence Flashcards

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1
Q

true or false - girls mature earlier than boys

A

true

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2
Q

what are the hormones produced for reproductive maturity

A

androgens and estrogen

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3
Q

if a girl is experiencing their period earlier and earlier every month they are following a …

A

secular trend

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4
Q

how many cm do adolescents grow in a year

A

5-13cm

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5
Q

when is the peak of the growth spurt

A

2 years after puberty

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6
Q

true or false - early maturation is generally positive for girls

A

false - for boys

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7
Q

what community is most affected by early maturation

A

LGBTQ2S+

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8
Q

true or false - there is a dramatic change in the number of neurons

A

false - there is a dramatic increase in grey matter volume -> increase in size and complexity

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9
Q

white matter has to do with
a) size of neurons
b) number of neurons
c) connections between neurons

A

c

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10
Q

limbic system ____ while prefrontal cortex ____
a) develops slowly, flourishes
b) flourishes, develops slowly

A

b

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11
Q

name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence

motor

A

girls are better coordinated but boys catch up

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12
Q

name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence

skeletal

A

jaw shape changes

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13
Q

name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence

respiratory

A

heart rate drops and lungs grow in size

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14
Q

name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence

muscular system

A

boys have thicker and denser muscles

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15
Q

what are some daily guidelines

A

60 mins of physical activity
less than 2 hours screen time
8-10 hours sleep

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16
Q

what are some risk factors for early sex

A

less physical activity, peer influence and sexual abuse

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17
Q

name some examples of STI

A

gonorrhea, chlamydia and HPV

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18
Q

which STI may cause cervical cancer

A

HPV

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19
Q

vaccines are available for what STI

A

HPV

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20
Q

ectopic pregnancy can be caused by which STI

A

chlamydia

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21
Q

true or false - teenage pregnancy is higher among American adolescents

A

false - in indigenous

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22
Q

what are some risk factors for sensation seeking

A

permissive parents, lack of maturity in prefrontal cortex, not involved in extracurriculars

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23
Q

eating disorders are more common in boys/girls

A

girls

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24
Q

name the differences between bulimia and anorexia nervosa

A

bulimia - binge eat and then feel guilty -> try to excrete all the food they eat -> tooth decay, lower body temp, hair loss

anorexia - starving, dieting, fear of weight gain -> body dysmoprhia -> osteoporosis, insomnia, no menstruation

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25
Q

what is the fear involved in the risk factors of an eating disorder

A

fear of growing up - Freud - psychoanalysis

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26
Q

true or false - brain dysfunction can be a risk factor of eating disorders

A

true

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27
Q

list some treatments for an eating disorder

A

CBT, 12 step program, interpersonal psychotherapy

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28
Q

true or false - depression is more common in boys

A

false - in girls

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29
Q

what are the common ages for depression

A

16-19

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30
Q

what kind of medication is not recommended for depression and why

A

SSRIs - lead to suicidal thoughts

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31
Q

true or false - depression can be genetic

A

true

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32
Q

what is the second leading cause of death in adolescents

A

suicide

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33
Q

among which community is suicide the highest in the world

A

Canadian indigenous youth

34
Q

name some prevention strategies for suicide

A

education and social awareness

35
Q

true or false - adolescents are engaging in illicit activities more and more these days

A

false - they have decreases in Canada

36
Q

describe hypothetico-deductive reasoning

A

think about things scientifically before actually doing it
- native idealism

37
Q

___ is when an individual tests a hypothesis by isolating one variable at a time

A

systematic problem solving

38
Q

why is Piaget critiqued about his idea of formal operational stage

A
  1. not everyone gets to this stage
  2. underestimation of the age at which they achieve this stage
39
Q

what are the changes in academic goals during this age

A
  1. task goals
    -> more competent
    -> positive attitude towards school
    -> success and failure is based off one’s own effort
  2. ability goals
    -> better than someone else
    -> influenced easily
    -> success and failure is based off one’s own effort
40
Q

risk factors of parents with low education level, skipping classes, hard to fit in can lead to…

A

dropping out

41
Q

true or false - girls are better at math

A

false - they are better at reading skills

42
Q

state if boys or girls outperform in this ability

visual spatial ability

A

boys

43
Q

state if boys or girls outperform in this ability

verbal ability

A

girls

44
Q

state if boys or girls outperform in this ability

standardized tests

A

no differences

45
Q

is more than 13 hours a week of work at this age a con or pro

A

con

46
Q

match the job with the career typology

professors/researchers

A

investigative

47
Q

match the job with the career typology

business owner

A

enterprising

48
Q

match the job with the career typology

teachers

A

social

49
Q

match the job with the career typology

banking

A

conventional

50
Q

match the job with the career typology

engineering/farming

A

realistic

51
Q

boys tend to be interested in

a) unstructured activities
b) structured activities

A

b

52
Q

what are the differences in relationships with peers in early and late adolescence

A

early adolescence is about popularity and peer acceptance
late adolescence is about the quality of relationship

53
Q

what are the pros to having a relationship with ones parents

A

academic achievement, better mental health, less substance abuse

54
Q

list the three scales of MULTIS

A

categorization, integration, compartmentalization

55
Q

match the integration scale to the definition

multiple cultural identities separated within self

A

Compartmentalization

56
Q

match the integration scale to the definition

identify with only group

A

categorization

57
Q

who proposed the stages of ethnic identity of development and what are they

A

Phinney

unexamined ethnic identity
ethnic identity search
ethnic identity achievement

58
Q

out of the four gender roles, which two have the highest self esteem

A

androgynous and masculine

59
Q

high masculinity and high femininity =

A

androgynous

60
Q

positive outcomes of high self esteem are

a) anti social behavior
b) academic achievement
c) inferiority
c) attention seeking

A

b

61
Q

at what age is there a low point of self esteem
a) 10 years old
b) 18 years old
c) 13 years old

A

c

62
Q

true or false - references to body image increases to age

A

false - it declines

63
Q

true or false - reference to ideology or belief increases with age

A

true

64
Q

puberty is controlled by a feedback loop involving what

A

hypothalamus, pituitary glands, hormones and the gonads

65
Q

explain the feedback loop

A

hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland -> releases hormones controlling gonads -> produce sex hormones -> stimulate hypothalamus

66
Q

bodily hair is a primary/secondary sex characteristic

A

secondary

67
Q

true or false - the feet and hands mature faster than the arms and legs

A

true

68
Q

why does a boy’s voice deepen

A

due to the growth of the voice box and lengthening of the vocal cords

69
Q

at what age is mature sperm found

A

15

70
Q

what is the name for the enlargement of breasts and why does it occur

A

gynecomastia - small amount of female sex hormones secreted by testes

71
Q

what is epiphyseal closure

A

happens around 20 years old, testosterone prevents the lengthening of the long bones in men

72
Q

true or false - mammary glands mature at puberty

A

false - they only mature when a woman has a baby

73
Q

early maturation is associated with

a) popularity
b) aggression
c) relaxed
d) a b and c are right

A

d

74
Q

what were the results of the Canadian Medical Association study on alcohol and drugs

A

most of the teens consumed alcohol and one third had tried marijuana

75
Q

what did Bell and Bromnick say about the imaginary audience

A

they suggested that adolescents worry about what other people think because they face real personal and social consequences for their actions
-> concerns are based in social reality rather than imaginary

76
Q

define the differences between stage 5 and stage 6 in Kohlberg’s moral development

A

stage 5 - human needs vs society’s need to maintain social order
-> Sam really needs the drug to help his sick wife but he cannot steal it

stage 6 - people follow their universal ethical principles even if it means breaking the law

77
Q

the term used for when adolescents experiment with different roles, values and beliefs is

A

psychological moratorium

78
Q

what is identity diffusion and why might it be bad

A

relates to adolescents who don’t have commitments nor trying to form them -> leads to rebellion and alienation

79
Q

what is the most common STI

A

chlamydia

80
Q

chlamydia is a major cause of ____

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

PSYCH 223 (11 decks)

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