Adolescence Flashcards
true or false - girls mature earlier than boys
true
what are the hormones produced for reproductive maturity
androgens and estrogen
if a girl is experiencing their period earlier and earlier every month they are following a …
secular trend
how many cm do adolescents grow in a year
5-13cm
when is the peak of the growth spurt
2 years after puberty
true or false - early maturation is generally positive for girls
false - for boys
what community is most affected by early maturation
LGBTQ2S+
true or false - there is a dramatic change in the number of neurons
false - there is a dramatic increase in grey matter volume -> increase in size and complexity
white matter has to do with
a) size of neurons
b) number of neurons
c) connections between neurons
c
limbic system ____ while prefrontal cortex ____
a) develops slowly, flourishes
b) flourishes, develops slowly
b
name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence
motor
girls are better coordinated but boys catch up
name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence
skeletal
jaw shape changes
name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence
respiratory
heart rate drops and lungs grow in size
name the changes/gender traits in the system during adolescence
muscular system
boys have thicker and denser muscles
what are some daily guidelines
60 mins of physical activity
less than 2 hours screen time
8-10 hours sleep
what are some risk factors for early sex
less physical activity, peer influence and sexual abuse
name some examples of STI
gonorrhea, chlamydia and HPV
which STI may cause cervical cancer
HPV
vaccines are available for what STI
HPV
ectopic pregnancy can be caused by which STI
chlamydia
true or false - teenage pregnancy is higher among American adolescents
false - in indigenous
what are some risk factors for sensation seeking
permissive parents, lack of maturity in prefrontal cortex, not involved in extracurriculars
eating disorders are more common in boys/girls
girls
name the differences between bulimia and anorexia nervosa
bulimia - binge eat and then feel guilty -> try to excrete all the food they eat -> tooth decay, lower body temp, hair loss
anorexia - starving, dieting, fear of weight gain -> body dysmoprhia -> osteoporosis, insomnia, no menstruation
what is the fear involved in the risk factors of an eating disorder
fear of growing up - Freud - psychoanalysis
true or false - brain dysfunction can be a risk factor of eating disorders
true
list some treatments for an eating disorder
CBT, 12 step program, interpersonal psychotherapy
true or false - depression is more common in boys
false - in girls
what are the common ages for depression
16-19
what kind of medication is not recommended for depression and why
SSRIs - lead to suicidal thoughts
true or false - depression can be genetic
true
what is the second leading cause of death in adolescents
suicide
among which community is suicide the highest in the world
Canadian indigenous youth
name some prevention strategies for suicide
education and social awareness
true or false - adolescents are engaging in illicit activities more and more these days
false - they have decreases in Canada
describe hypothetico-deductive reasoning
think about things scientifically before actually doing it
- native idealism
___ is when an individual tests a hypothesis by isolating one variable at a time
systematic problem solving
why is Piaget critiqued about his idea of formal operational stage
- not everyone gets to this stage
- underestimation of the age at which they achieve this stage
what are the changes in academic goals during this age
- task goals
-> more competent
-> positive attitude towards school
-> success and failure is based off one’s own effort - ability goals
-> better than someone else
-> influenced easily
-> success and failure is based off one’s own effort
risk factors of parents with low education level, skipping classes, hard to fit in can lead to…
dropping out
true or false - girls are better at math
false - they are better at reading skills
state if boys or girls outperform in this ability
visual spatial ability
boys
state if boys or girls outperform in this ability
verbal ability
girls
state if boys or girls outperform in this ability
standardized tests
no differences
is more than 13 hours a week of work at this age a con or pro
con
match the job with the career typology
professors/researchers
investigative
match the job with the career typology
business owner
enterprising
match the job with the career typology
teachers
social
match the job with the career typology
banking
conventional
match the job with the career typology
engineering/farming
realistic
boys tend to be interested in
a) unstructured activities
b) structured activities
b
what are the differences in relationships with peers in early and late adolescence
early adolescence is about popularity and peer acceptance
late adolescence is about the quality of relationship
what are the pros to having a relationship with ones parents
academic achievement, better mental health, less substance abuse
list the three scales of MULTIS
categorization, integration, compartmentalization
match the integration scale to the definition
multiple cultural identities separated within self
Compartmentalization
match the integration scale to the definition
identify with only group
categorization
who proposed the stages of ethnic identity of development and what are they
Phinney
unexamined ethnic identity
ethnic identity search
ethnic identity achievement
out of the four gender roles, which two have the highest self esteem
androgynous and masculine
high masculinity and high femininity =
androgynous
positive outcomes of high self esteem are
a) anti social behavior
b) academic achievement
c) inferiority
c) attention seeking
b
at what age is there a low point of self esteem
a) 10 years old
b) 18 years old
c) 13 years old
c
true or false - references to body image increases to age
false - it declines
true or false - reference to ideology or belief increases with age
true
puberty is controlled by a feedback loop involving what
hypothalamus, pituitary glands, hormones and the gonads
explain the feedback loop
hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland -> releases hormones controlling gonads -> produce sex hormones -> stimulate hypothalamus
bodily hair is a primary/secondary sex characteristic
secondary
true or false - the feet and hands mature faster than the arms and legs
true
why does a boy’s voice deepen
due to the growth of the voice box and lengthening of the vocal cords
at what age is mature sperm found
15
what is the name for the enlargement of breasts and why does it occur
gynecomastia - small amount of female sex hormones secreted by testes
what is epiphyseal closure
happens around 20 years old, testosterone prevents the lengthening of the long bones in men
true or false - mammary glands mature at puberty
false - they only mature when a woman has a baby
early maturation is associated with
a) popularity
b) aggression
c) relaxed
d) a b and c are right
d
what were the results of the Canadian Medical Association study on alcohol and drugs
most of the teens consumed alcohol and one third had tried marijuana
what did Bell and Bromnick say about the imaginary audience
they suggested that adolescents worry about what other people think because they face real personal and social consequences for their actions
-> concerns are based in social reality rather than imaginary
define the differences between stage 5 and stage 6 in Kohlberg’s moral development
stage 5 - human needs vs society’s need to maintain social order
-> Sam really needs the drug to help his sick wife but he cannot steal it
stage 6 - people follow their universal ethical principles even if it means breaking the law
the term used for when adolescents experiment with different roles, values and beliefs is
psychological moratorium
what is identity diffusion and why might it be bad
relates to adolescents who don’t have commitments nor trying to form them -> leads to rebellion and alienation
what is the most common STI
chlamydia
chlamydia is a major cause of ____
pelvic inflammatory disease
