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Pathology (Guide) > Microbiology - Zoonoses > Flashcards

Microbiology - Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

What are zoonoses?

A

Diseases + infections which are transmitted naturally between vertebrate animals + man

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2
Q

What are some diseases associated with mice?

A
  • Hantan viruses (fleas)
  • Lyme borreliosis
  • Ehrlichia
  • Bartonella
  • Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
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3
Q

What are some diseases associated with rats?

A
  • Rabies
  • Leptospirosis
  • Lassa fever
  • Hantan viruses
  • Plague
  • Pasteruellosis
  • Haverhill fever (rat-bite)
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4
Q

What are some diseases associated with cats?

A
  • Bartonellosis (cat scratch)
  • Leptospirosis
  • Q-fever
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Rabies
  • Ringworm
  • Toxocariasis
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5
Q

What are some diseases associated with small ruminants?

A
  • Anthrax
  • Brucellosis
  • Q-fever
  • Cryptosporidiosis
  • Enzootic abortion
  • Louping ill
  • Orff virus
  • Rift valley fever
  • Toxoplasmosis
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6
Q

What are some diseases associated with cattle?

A
  • Anthrax
  • Leptospirosis
  • Brucella
  • Bovine TB
  • Anaplasmosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • E. coli 0157
  • Rift valley fever
  • ringworm
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7
Q

What are some diseases associated with swine?

A
  • Brucellosis
  • Leptospirosis
  • Erysipeloid
  • Cysticercosis
  • Trichinella
  • HEV
  • Influenza A
  • Streptococcal sepsis
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8
Q

What are some diseases associated with birds?

A
  • Psitticosis
  • Influenza
  • Cryptococcus
  • Influenza A
  • Poultry-salmonella
  • West-Nile Fever
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9
Q

What are some diseases associated with water-sports?

A
  • Leptospirosis
  • HAV
  • Giardia
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Mycobacterium marinum/ulcerans
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
  • E. coli
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10
Q

What are some water-borne diseases?

A
  • Campylobacter
  • Salmonella
  • VTEC O157
  • Cryptosporidium
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11
Q

What are some food-associated diseases?

A
  • Listeria (cow cheese-human)
  • Taenia
  • Cysticercosis
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Trichinellosis
  • Yersiniosis
  • Giardia
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12
Q

What sign is associated with Bartonellosis (cat scratch) + what is the treatment?

A
  • Regional lymphadenopathy
  • Tx: Doxycycline
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13
Q

What organism causes Brucellosis and what are its features?

A

Gram -ve aerobic bacilli
- Facultative intracellular

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14
Q

What is the transmission of Brucellosis?

A
  • Contaminated food (untreated milk/dairy products)
  • Direct animal contact (cows, goat, sheep, pigs)
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15
Q

What is the presentation of Brucellosis?

A
  • Undulant fever (2-wk incubation - peaks in evening)
  • Myalgia
  • Arthritis
  • Spinal tenderness
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Epididymo-orchitis
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16
Q

How is Brucellosis diagnosed?

A
  • Serology: anti-O-polysaccharide antibody (Dx with cultures)
  • WCC normal/neutropenia
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17
Q

What is the treatment for Brucellosis?

A
  • 4-6wks Doxycycline + Streptomycin
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18
Q

What are some complications associated with Brucellosis?

A
  • Endocarditis
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Meningoencephalitis
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19
Q

What is the causative organism for Rabies and some features associated with it?

A
  • Rhabdovirus (Lyssaviruses)
  • Dogs + Bats = most common vectors
  • Incubation = 1-3mths
20
Q

How does Rabies present?

A

Prodrome:
- Fever
- Headache
- Sore throat

Hyperactive State:
- Encephalitis

Months/years later:
- Migration to CNS (fatal encephalitis, hypersalivation, hydrophrobia)

21
Q

How is Rabies diagnosed?

A
  • Serology for IgM
  • Fluorescent Ab Test: Negri bodies (pathognomonic)
  • CSF PCR
22
Q

How is Rabies treated?

A
  • Rabies IgG post-exposure (pre-Sx - doesn’t work otherwise + will die)
  • Full Rabies vaccination course
23
Q

What is the causative organism of the Plague, its features and transmission?

A

Yersinia pestis
- Gram -ve lactose fermenter

Transmission:
- Reservoir in rats
- Transmitted by fleas
- Still seen in some American National Parks (e.g. Yosemite)

24
Q

How does the Plague present?

A

Bubonic plague:
- Flea bites human
- Swollen LN (bubo = dense, black fluid)
- Dry gangrene

Pneumonic plague:
- Usually seen during epidemics
- Person-person spread

Septicaemic plague

25
Q

How is the Plague diagnosed?

A

PCR, microscopy, culture

26
Q

What is the treatment for the Plague?

A
  • Streptomycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Gentamicin
  • Chloramphenicol (in meningitis)
27
Q

What is the causative organism of Leptospirosis, its features + transmission?

A

L interrogans
- Gram -ve
- Obligate aerobic, motile spirochaetes

Transmission:
- Excreted in dog/rat urine
- Penetrates broken skin
- Swimming in contaminated water (lakes)
- 1wk incubation

28
Q

How does Leptospirosis present?

A
  • High fever
  • Conjunctival haemorrhages
  • Jaundice
  • Meningism
  • Renal failure
  • Haemolytic anaemia
29
Q

How is Leptospirosis diagnosed?

A
  • Microscopy/cultures
30
Q

What is the treatment for Leptospirosis?

A
  • Amoxicillin
  • Erythromycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Ampicillin
31
Q

What is the causative organism of Anthrax and its features?

A

Bacillus anthracis
- Farm/wild animals (spread by spores in hair)

32
Q

What are the two types of Anthrax and how do they present?

A

Cutaneous
- Painless round black lesions (eschar)
- Rim of oedema

Pulmonary:
- Massive lymphadenopathy
- Mediastinal haemorrhage

33
Q

How is Anthrax diagnosed?

A

Microscopy

34
Q

What is the treatment for Anthrax?

A

Doxycycline/Ciprofloxacin

35
Q

What is the causative organism of Lyme disease and its transmission?

A

Borrelia burgdoferi (spirochaete)
- Arthropod-borne (Ixodes = tick)

Transmission:
- Ixodes tick on deer (hiking)
- Incubation = days/wks

36
Q

How does Lyme disease present?

A

Early:
- Erythema chronicum migrans (bulls-eye rash)
- Flu-like

Late persistent:
- Focal neurology
- Neuropsychiatric
- Arthritis

37
Q

How is Lyme disease diagnosed?

A
  • Biopsy edge of rash
  • ELISA for Lyme Abs

Clinical Sx IF erythema migrans

38
Q

What is the treatment for Lyme disease?

A
  • Doxycycline 2-3wks
    (or amoxicillin, cephalosporins)

IF CNS Issues:
- IV ceftriaxone 2-4wks

39
Q

What is the causative organisms for Q fever + its transmission?

A
  • Coxiella burnetii

Transmission:
- Cattle
- Sheep

40
Q

How does Q fever present?

A

Atypical pneumonia:
- Dry cough
- Fever
- No rash

41
Q

What is the treatment for Q fever?

A

Doxycycline

42
Q

What is the causative organisms of the different types of Leishmania?

A

Protozoa
- Cutaneous = L. major, L. tropica
- Muco-cutaneous = L. braziliensis
- Visceral (Kala Azar) = L. donovani, L. infantum, (L. chagasi in S. America)

43
Q

What are the different types of Leishmania and how do they present?

A

Cutaneous:
- Skin ulcer at site of bite
- Multiplies in dermal macrophages
- Heals after 1yr = Depigmented scar
- Single/mulitple painless nodules that grow + ulcerate

Diffuse Cutaneous:
- Pts with immunodeficiency
- Nodular skin lesions
- Don’t ulcerate

Muco-cutaneous
- Dermal ulcer (same as cutaneous)
- Months-years later = Ulcers in mucous membranes of nose + mouth

Visceral (Kala Azar):
- Young + malnourished child
- Sx: Abdo discomfort + distension, anorexia, weight loss, fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

44
Q

How is Leishmania diagnosed?

A

Microscopy

45
Q

What is the treatment of Leishmania?

A
  • Liposomal amphotericin B
46
Q

How does Leishomania donovani cause visceral leishmania (Kala Azar)?

A
  • Invasion of reticuloendothelial system
  • Causes Hepatosplenomegaly
  • BM invasion
  • Later = disfiguring dermal disease (PKDL)

Pathology (Guide) (84 decks)

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