Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology (Guide) > Microbiology - CNS Infection + Meningitis > Flashcards

Microbiology - CNS Infection + Meningitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation of the meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is meningism?

A
  • Stiff neck
  • Rash
  • Headache
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some bacterial causes of meningitis?

A

Adults:
- Neisseria meningitides (Gram -ve)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (Gram +ve)

Neonates:
- Group B strep
- Listeria monocytogenes
- E. coli

Elderly:
- Group B strep
- Listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some viral caues of meningitis?

A
  • Enterovirus (Coxsackie, echovirus)
  • Mumps
  • HSV2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some fungal causes of meningitis?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does Chronic/subacute meningitis present and what are its causes?

A
  • Headaches for months

Causes:
- TB
- Cryptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some causative organisms for meningitis in an immunocompromised patient?

A
  • TB
  • Cryptococcus Gattii
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of the brain parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some symptoms of encephalitis?

A
  • Confusion
  • Fluctuating consciousness
  • Systemically unwell
  • Altered mental state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common UK causes of encephalitis?

A

HSV1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the management for encephalitis?

A

IV acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a brain abscess?

A

A localised collection of infection in the brain parenchyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some symptoms of a brain abscess?

A
  • Same as SOL
  • Swinging fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is a brain abscess caused?

A
  • From local extension (e.g. otitis media)
  • Haematogenous spread (e.g. endocarditis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some common causative organisms of a brain abscess?

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • Strep
  • Anaerobes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a common causative organism of a brain abscess in an HIV patient?

A

Toxoplasmosis

17
Q

How is a brain abscess diagnosed?

A

MRI with contrast (RING-ENHANCING LESION)

18
Q

What is the management of a brain abscess?

A
  • Abx: wide-spectrum + anaerobe coverage
  • Surgical drainage
  • ?Steroids + anti-seizure medication
19
Q

What are some general RFs for bacterial meningitis?

A
  • Overcrowding
  • Young adults/Very young OR Old
20
Q

What are some RFs for a bacterial meningitis caused by N. meningitides?

A
  • Complement deficiency
  • Hyposplenism (susceptible to encapsulated organisms)
  • Hypogammaglobinaemia
21
Q

What are some RFs for a bacterial meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae?

A
  • Complement deficiency
  • Hyposplenism
  • Immunosuppressed (Alcoholic)
  • Infection (pneumonia)
  • Previous head trauma with CSF leak
22
Q

What are some symptoms of a bacterial meningitis?

A
  • Headache
  • Vomiting
  • Photophobia
  • Fever
  • Focal neuro signs
  • Rash (meningococcal)
23
Q

How is bacterial meningitis diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical Dx + cultures
  • Lumbar puncture for CSF analysis
24
Q

What is the management for bacterial meningitis?

A
  • Resuscitate
  • IV ceftriaxone
  • Corticosteroids
    (Cover Listeria with ampicillin)

IF consciousness affected:
-? IV acyclovir (enecephalitis cover)

GP Tx:
- IM Benzylpenicillin + Ambulance

25
Q

What is seen on the CSF of a patient with bacterial meningitis?

(Appearance, opening pressure, WBC, glucose level, protein level)

A

Appearance: Cloudy + TURBID

Opening Pressure: Elevated

WBC: Elevated (POLYMORPHS)

Glucose Level: LOW

Protein Level: Elevated

26
Q

What is seen on the CSF of a patient with viral meningitis?

(Appearance, opening pressure, WBC, glucose level, protein level)

A

Appearance: Clear

Opening Pressure: Normal/Elevated

WBC: Elevated (MONONUCLEAR - lymphocytes)

Glucose Level: Normal

Protein Level: Elevated

27
Q

What is seen on the CSF of a patient with Fungal meningitis?

(Appearance, opening pressure, WBC, glucose level, protein level)

A

Appearance: Clear or Cloudy (Fibrin web in TB)

Opening Pressure: Elevated

WBC: Elevated (Mononuclear in TB)

Glucose Level: LOW

Protein Level: Elevated

Pathology (Guide) (84 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions