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Pathology (Guide) > Microbiology - GI Infections > Flashcards

Microbiology - GI Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different types of clinical syndromes of GI infections?

A
  • Secretory diarrhoea
  • Inflammatory diarrhoea
  • Enteric fever
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2
Q

What is the MoA of secretory diarrhoea, its features and some causative organisms?

A

MoA:
Toxin production causes Cl- to be secreted into the lumen, this causes a loss of water + electrolytes resulting in D+V

Features:
- Watery diarrhoea
- No fever

Causative organisms:
- Cholera
- ETEC
- EPEC
- Viruses
- Bacillus
- Staphylococcus. aureus

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3
Q

What is the MoA of inflammatory diarrhoea, its features and some causative organisms?

A

MoA:
- Inflammation + bacteraemia

Features:
- Bloody diarrhoea (dysentery)
- Fever

Causative organisms:
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Shigella
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella
- EIEC

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4
Q

What are the clinical features of enteric fever and some causative organisms?

A

Features:
- Unwell
- Fever
- Fewer GI Sx

Causative Organisms:
- Typhoidal salmonella
- Yersinia
- Brucella

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5
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Clostridium Botulinum?

A
  • HONEY (kids)
  • Beans (students)
  • Canned/vacuum packed foods
  • Ingestion of preformed toxin (inactivated by cooking)
  • Blocks ACh release from peripheral nerves causing paralysis

DESCENDING PARALYSIS

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6
Q

What is the Abx of choice for Clostridium Botulinum?

A

IM Antitoxin

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7
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Clostridium Perfringens?

A
  • Reheated meals (8-16hr incubation)
  • Watery diarrhoea + cramps (for 24hrs)

GAS GANGRENE

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8
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Clostridium Difficile?

A
  • 2 Exotoxins (A+B)
  • Caused by Abx (4C’s - Clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, cephalosporins, co-amoxiclav) + fluoroquinolones + PPIs
  • Severe diarrhoea + recent Hx of Abx

PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS

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9
Q

What is the Mx for Clostridium difficile infection?

A
  • Metronidazole
    2nd line:
  • Vancomycin
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10
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Bacillus Cereus?

A

REHEATED RICE

  • Short incubation (4hrs)
  • Sudden vomiting + non-bloody watery diarrhoea
  • Reheated rice (spores germinate) + sudden vomiting
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11
Q

What is the Mx for Bacillus Cereus infection?

A

Self-limiting - supportive

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12
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Staphylococcus aureus?

A

BBQs

  • Gram +ve clusters of cocci on gram stain
  • Produces enterotoxin (acts as superantigen causing IL1/2 release)
  • Short incubation (2hrs)
  • Prominent vomiting + watery diarrhoea
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13
Q

What is the Mx for staphylococcus aureus infection?

A

Self limiting - supportive

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14
Q

What are some buzzwords associated with ETEC (Enterotoxigenic E. coli) and its management?

A
  • Gram negative
  • Toxigenic
  • Transmitted in faeces/contaminated water
  • TRAVELLERS DIARRHOEA

Mx:
- Self limiting
- ?Cipro

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15
Q

What are some buzzwords associated with EIEC (Enteroinvasive E. coli) and its management?

A
  • Gram negative
  • Invasive
  • Transmitted in faeces/contaminated water
  • DYSENTERY

Mx:
- Self limiting
- ?Cipro

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16
Q

What are some buzzwords associated with EHEC (Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli) and its management?

A
  • Gram negative
  • Haemorrhagic
  • Transmitted in faeces/contaminated water

Mx:
- Self limiting
- ?Cipro

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17
Q

What are some buzzwords associated with HUS (Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome) and its management?

A
  • Gram negative
  • Enterohaemorrhagic
  • Transmitted in faeces/contaminated water
  • 0157:H7 TOXIN
  • Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure (secondary to watery diarrhoea)

Mx:
- Self limiting
- ?Cipro

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18
Q

What are some buzzwords associated with EPEC (Enteropathogenic E. coli) and its management?

A
  • Gram negative
  • Pathogenic
  • Transmitted in faeces/contaminated water
  • INFANTILE DIARRHOEA (Paeds)

Mx:
- Self limiting
- ?Cipro

19
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Salmonella Typhi/Paratyphi?

A
  • Enteric fever
  • Constipation
  • Fever
  • Splenomegaly
  • Africa + India

ROSE SPOTS

20
Q

What is the managment of Salmonella Typhi/paratyphi?

A

IV ceftriaxone then PO azithromycin

21
Q

What are some Sx + buzzwords associated with Salmonella Enteritides?

A

POULTRY

  • Eggs + meat
  • Non-bloody diarrhoea (can sometimes be bloody)
22
Q

What is the management of Salmonella Enteritides?

A

Self-limiting

Ceftriaxone if required

23
Q

What are some Sx + buzzwords associated with Shigella?

A
  • Distal ileum + colon
  • Causes mucosal inflammation
  • Fever
  • Pain
  • Bloody diarrhoea
24
Q

What is the management of Shigella?

A

Self-limiting

Ciprofloxacin if required

25
Q

What are some Sx + buzzwords associated with Vibrio Cholera and its management?

A

RICE WATER STOOL

  • Massive diarrhoea without inflammation
  • Comma shaped bacteria
  • Africa + Middle East

Tx:
- Self limiting

26
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Vibrio Parahaemolyticus and its management?

A
  • Raw seafood
  • Japan

Tx:
- Self limiting

27
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Vibrio Vulnificus and its management?

A
  • Cellulitis in Seafood handlers

Tx:
- Self limiting

28
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Campylobacter Jejuni?

A
  • UNDERCOOKED POULTRY
  • Chicken at BBQ
  • Prodrome of fever + headache, then abdo cramps + bloody diarrhoea
  • Comma-shaped
  • Lasts 10dys
  • A/w GBS + reactive arthritis
29
Q

What is the management of Campylobacter Jejuni?

A

Erthyromycin/Ciprofloxacin IF in first 5 days

30
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Listeria Monocytogenes?

A
  • Refrigerated food
  • Unpasturised dairy
  • PERINATAL INFECTION
  • Severe infection in immunocompromised
31
Q

What is the management of Listeria Monocytogenes?

A

Ampicillin

32
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords of Entamoeba Histolytica?

A

FLASK-SHAPED ULCER (ulcers on caecum) on HISTOLOGY

  • Liver abscesses
  • DYSENTERY, flatulence, tenesmus

MSM

33
Q

What is the management of Entamoeba Histolytica?

A

Metronidazole + Paromycin

34
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Giardia Lamblia?

A

PEAR-SHAPED TROPHOZOITE
- Binuclei

  • Causes malabsorption of fat leading to FOUL-SMELLING, non-bloody diarrhoea
  • Ix = Stool ELISA + String Test
  • Immunocompromised
35
Q

What is the management of Giardia Lamblia?

A

Metronidazole

36
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Cryptosporidium Parvum?

A

Severe (+prolonged) diarrhoea in IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

  • HIV
  • Ix = Stool OCP + Kingoun stain
37
Q

What is the management of Cryptosporidium Parvum?

A

Paromomycin

38
Q

What is the most common cause of GI infection?

A

Viruses

39
Q

What are some Sx + buzzwords associated with Norovirus and its management?

A
  • Secretory diarrhoea

HOSPITALS + CARE HOMES

  • Adult outbreaks (winter)
  • N+V

Tx:
- Self limiting

40
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Adenovirus and its management?

A

Secretory diarrhoea

POOR HYGIENE

  • <2yrs + IMMUNOCOMPROMISED

Tx:
- Self limiting

41
Q

What are some Sx + Buzzwords associated with Rotavirus and its management?

A

Secretory Diarrhoea

  • <6yrs

Unvaccinated Children

Tx:
- Self limiting

42
Q

Which organsims cause dysentery (CHESS)?

A
  • C: Campylobacter
  • H: Haemorrhagic E.coli
  • E: Entamobea Histolytica
  • S: Salmonella
  • S: Shigella
43
Q

What is the general management of dysentery?

A
  • Side room
  • PPE + Wash hands
  • Supportive: IV fluids, electrolytes, oral rehydration solution

Pathology (Guide) (84 decks)

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