Chemical Pathology - Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Flashcards
What is phenytoin used to treat?
Seizures
What are some signs of phenytoin toxicity?
- Ataxia
- Nystagmus
What are some interactions and cautions to phenytoin?
At high levels, liver becomes saturated causing a surge in blood levels
What is the treatment for phenytoin toxicity?
Supportive
- No specific antidote
What is digoxin used to treat?
Arrhythmias
What are some signs of digoxin toxicity?
- Arrthymias
- Heart block
- Confusion
- Xanthopsia (seeing yellow-green)
What are some interactions and cautions to digoxin?
- Levels are increased with hypokalaemia
- Reduce dose in renal failure + elderly
How is digoxin toxicity treated?
Digibind (Digoxin immune Fab)
What is Lithium used to treat?
Relapse of mania in bipolar disorder
What are some signs of lithium toxicity?
- Tremor (early)
- Lethargy
- Fits
- Arrhythmia
- Renal failure
What are some interactions and cautions to lithium use?
- Excretion impaired by hyponatraemia, decreased renal function + diuretics
What is the treatment of lithium toxicity?
- Suportive
- Osmotic/forced alkaline diuresis
- IF Li>3mmol/L = ?haemodialysis
What are aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin/vancomycin) used to treat?
Uncontrolled infection
What are some signs of aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin/vancomycin) toxicity?
- Tinnitus
- Deafness
- Nystagmus
- Renal failure
What are some interactions and cautions to aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin/vancomycin)?
- Mostly use single daily dosing
- Monitor peak + trough level before next dose
